NEET Biology: Excretory Products and their elimination Practice Questions
13 free multiple-choice questions on Excretory Products and their elimination for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more Excretory Products and their elimination questions in the app →Q1. If a cell is placed in a solution that has a lower solute concentration than the cell's cytoplasm, the cell will tend to:
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Correct answer: A — Turgid (swell)
When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution (lower external solute concentration), water moves into the cell via osmosis, causing the cell to swell or become turgid.
Q2. In invertebrates, such as insects, the primary excretory product is typically excreted as which form?
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Correct answer: B — Ammonia
Many invertebrates, including insects, excrete nitrogen primarily in the form of ammonia, which is then excreted, though some may convert it to uric acid depending on the species and environment.
Q3. Which of the following substances is the primary excretory product of amino acid metabolism in humans?
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Correct answer: B — Urea
The breakdown of amino acids (deamination) produces ammonia, which is then converted into urea in the liver for excretion via the kidneys.
Q4. Which organ is primarily responsible for the regulation of water balance and the excretion of excess water in the human body?
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Correct answer: D — Kidneys
The kidneys are the main excretory organs responsible for filtering blood and regulating the volume and concentration of urine, thus managing water balance.
Q5. Excess water is reabsorbed from the filtrate in the renal tubules primarily to maintain:
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Correct answer: B — Water and salt balance
Reabsorption of water in the renal tubules is essential for maintaining the body's internal water and salt balance (osmoregulation).
Q6. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) primarily targets which segment of the renal tubule to regulate water reabsorption?
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Correct answer: B — Loop of Henle
ADH acts primarily on the principal cells of the collecting duct, regulating water permeability and thus controlling water reabsorption.
Q7. In organisms that exhibit ammonotelism, ammonia is typically excreted through which major excretory organ?
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Correct answer: A — Kidneys
In many invertebrates and lower vertebrates relying on ammonotelism, the kidneys (or equivalent excretory organs) are responsible for filtering and eliminating nitrogenous wastes, including ammonia.
Q8. Renal disorders often involve inflammation of the glomeruli. Which structure is primarily affected during acute nephritis?
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Correct answer: B — Glomerulus
Nephritis, particularly acute forms, involves inflammation of the glomeruli, which are the filtering units of the kidney.
Q9. Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) plays a role in regulating kidney function. Where is ANF primarily secreted from the cardiovascular system to initiate this regulatory process?
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Correct answer: A — Atria of the heart
Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) is a hormone released by the atrial walls of the heart in response to stretching (indicating increased blood volume). This hormone travels to the kidneys to promote natriuresis and diuresis, thus regulating blood volume and pressure.
Q10. The main site where the final elimination of uric acid occurs in animals exhibiting uricotelism is generally the:
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Correct answer: B — Bladder
While the liver processes the waste, the final storage and elimination pathway for uric acid occurs via the urinary system (kidneys and bladder).
Q11. Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for the selective reabsorption of water and solutes from the filtrate back into the blood?
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Correct answer: A — Loop of Henle
The Loop of Henle is crucial for establishing the osmotic gradient necessary for water reabsorption, and the Collecting Duct is where final regulation occurs. While the collecting duct regulates water balance, the Loop of Henle establishes the necessary osmotic gradient for concentration ability.
Q12. Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for the selective reabsorption of water and solutes from the filtrate?
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Correct answer: D — Loop of Henle
The Loop of Henle is crucial for establishing the osmotic gradient necessary for water reabsorption, playing a vital role in concentrating the urine and regulating water balance.
Q13. What is the primary function of the collecting ducts in urine formation?
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Correct answer: D — Final concentration of urine
The collecting ducts receive the filtrate and are crucial for the final adjustment and concentration of the urine, regulated by ADH.
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