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NEET Biology: Regulation of kidney function-Atrial Natriuretic Factor Practice Questions

15 free multiple-choice questions on Regulation of kidney function-Atrial Natriuretic Factor (Excretory Products and their elimination) for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.

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  1. Q1. Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) plays a role in regulating kidney function. Where is ANF primarily secreted from the cardiovascular system to initiate this regulatory process?

    • AAtria of the heart
    • BCollecting ducts of the kidney
    • CJuxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney
    • DRenal tubules of the nephron
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: A — Atria of the heart

    Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) is a hormone released by the atrial walls of the heart in response to stretching (indicating increased blood volume). This hormone travels to the kidneys to promote natriuresis and diuresis, thus regulating blood volume and pressure.

  2. Q2. The action of ANF on the renal tubules leads to an increase in the excretion of which substance?

    • ACreatinine
    • BGlucose
    • CSodium
    • DInsulin
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: C — Sodium

    ANF promotes natriuresis (sodium excretion) by increasing the release of natriuretic peptides, leading to increased renal excretion of sodium.

  3. Q3. ANF contributes to the overall mechanism of regulating blood volume primarily by acting on which hormonal axis indirectly?

    • AThyroid hormone axis
    • BPituitary-Thyroid axis
    • CRenin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)
    • DCortisol axis
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: C — Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

    By promoting salt and water excretion, ANF counteracts the actions of the RAAS, helping to regulate overall blood volume and pressure.

  4. Q4. The main physiological effect of elevated levels of Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) on the kidney is to promote which outcome?

    • AIncreased excretion of sodium and water
    • BDecreased glomerular filtration rate
    • CIncreased reabsorption of sodium and water
    • DIncreased secretion of hormones
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: A — Increased excretion of sodium and water

    ANF acts on the renal tubules to increase the excretion of sodium and water, thereby promoting diuresis and reducing blood volume.

  5. Q5. The main physiological effect of ANF on the renal system is to promote which action?

    • AIncrease blood pressure
    • BIncrease sodium reabsorption
    • CPromote vasoconstriction
    • DDecrease water reabsorption
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: D — Decrease water reabsorption

    ANF acts to promote natriuresis (sodium excretion) and diuresis (water excretion) in the kidneys, thereby reducing blood volume.

  6. Q6. If the levels of ANF are significantly elevated in the blood, what is the expected effect on the kidneys?

    • ADecreased glomerular filtration rate
    • BIncreased urine volume (diuresis)
    • CIncreased blood volume retention
    • DIncreased sodium and water reabsorption
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: B — Increased urine volume (diuresis)

    Elevated ANF levels lead to increased natriuresis and diuresis, resulting in a higher volume of urine.

  7. Q7. What is the primary stimulus that triggers the release of Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)?

    • AHigh concentration of ADH
    • BDecreased activity of the kidneys
    • CIncreased blood pressure
    • DDecrease in blood volume
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: C — Increased blood pressure

    ANF is released when the atria sense an increase in blood volume, which is often correlated with elevated blood pressure.

  8. Q8. Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) is a hormone primarily released by which part of the cardiovascular system?

    • AAtria of the heart
    • BPulmonary artery
    • CAorta
    • DVentricles of the heart
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: A — Atria of the heart

    ANF is secreted by the atrial cells of the heart in response to increased blood volume and pressure.

  9. Q9. The release of ANF is an important mechanism to counteract the effects of which condition?

    • AHypoglycemia
    • BIncreased blood pressure
    • CAnemia
    • DHypovolemia
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: B — Increased blood pressure

    ANF is released in response to elevated blood volume, serving as a counter-regulatory mechanism to reduce that volume and subsequent pressure.

  10. Q10. Increased levels of ANF generally lead to a decrease in which substance in the blood, thereby contributing to blood pressure reduction?

    • ABlood glucose
    • BBlood volume
    • CBlood viscosity
    • DPlasma protein levels
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: B — Blood volume

    ANF promotes the excretion of sodium and water, which reduces overall blood volume and consequently lowers blood pressure.

  11. Q11. Which component of the renal system is directly affected by ANF action to facilitate fluid excretion?

    • AGlomerulus
    • BRenal cortex
    • CRenal tubules
    • DRenal medulla
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: C — Renal tubules

    ANF influences the renal tubules, promoting the excretion of salts and water, which is the primary mechanism for lowering blood volume.

  12. Q12. Increased stretch in the atria primarily stimulates the release of ANF due to which mechanism?

    • ARelease of ADH
    • BMechanical stretching of atrial walls
    • CSympathetic nervous system activation
    • DBaroreceptor reflex
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: B — Mechanical stretching of atrial walls

    The mechanical stretching of the atrial walls due to excessive blood volume is the direct stimulus that triggers the release of ANF.

  13. Q13. An increase in blood volume causes the release of ANF, which functions to counteract the effects of which physiological state?

    • ABradycardia
    • BHypervolemia
    • CHypovolemia
    • DHypoglycemia
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: B — Hypervolemia

    ANF is released when there is excessive blood volume (hypervolemia), acting as a negative feedback mechanism to reduce this volume.

  14. Q14. The main physiological effect of Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) on the kidney is to promote which process?

    • AIncreased reabsorption of sodium
    • BIncreased glomerular filtration rate
    • CIncreased excretion of salt and water
    • DIncreased secretion of water
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: C — Increased excretion of salt and water

    ANF acts to promote natriuresis (sodium excretion) and diuresis (water excretion) by affecting renal handling of solutes and water.

  15. Q15. Which structure in the heart is the primary source of Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)?

    • AAorta
    • BSeptum
    • CAtria
    • DVentricles
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: C — Atria

    The atrial walls of the heart, specifically the atrial myocytes, release ANF in response to stretching caused by increased blood volume.

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