NEET Biology: Disorders-Nephritis Practice Questions
15 free multiple-choice questions on Disorders-Nephritis (Excretory Products and their elimination) for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more NEET questions in the app →Q1. Renal disorders often involve inflammation of the glomeruli. Which structure is primarily affected during acute nephritis?
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Correct answer: B — Glomerulus
Nephritis, particularly acute forms, involves inflammation of the glomeruli, which are the filtering units of the kidney.
Q2. Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for the selective reabsorption of water and solutes from the filtrate back into the blood?
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Correct answer: A — Loop of Henle
The Loop of Henle is crucial for establishing the osmotic gradient necessary for water reabsorption, and the Collecting Duct is where final regulation occurs. While the collecting duct regulates water balance, the Loop of Henle establishes the necessary osmotic gradient for concentration ability.
Q3. If a patient suffers from kidney disease, the inability to properly filter blood often leads to an accumulation of which substance in the blood?
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Correct answer: B — Nitrogenous wastes
When the filtering capacity of the kidney is impaired, the toxic metabolic waste products, particularly nitrogenous wastes, accumulate in the bloodstream.
Q4. Which of the following substances is primarily excreted in the urine as a metabolic waste product?
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Correct answer: B — Creatinine
Creatinine is a waste product derived from muscle metabolism that is filtered by the glomerulus and excreted by the kidneys. It is commonly used as an indicator of kidney function.
Q5. The primary function of the renal system in relation to excretory products is to maintain the balance between plasma volume and which other critical parameter?
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Correct answer: D — Blood pressure
The kidneys regulate the excretion of water and solutes (like electrolytes) to maintain overall fluid volume and thus regulate systemic blood pressure.
Q6. Which of the following is a major excretory product whose concentration in the blood is tightly regulated by the renal system to maintain osmotic balance?
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Correct answer: B — Water
The kidneys are crucial for regulating water balance, which directly impacts the osmotic balance of the blood.
Q7. What is the primary nitrogenous waste product excreted by the kidneys?
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Correct answer: C — Urea
Urea is the principal waste product formed in the liver and subsequently filtered and excreted by the kidneys.
Q8. Which of the following is a direct consequence of impaired renal function related to the handling of metabolic waste?
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Correct answer: D — Accumulation of nitrogenous waste
When the kidneys are impaired, their ability to filter and excrete metabolic wastes, such as urea, is compromised, leading to their accumulation in the body.
Q9. If the filtration rate of the blood through the glomerulus is significantly reduced due to renal impairment, what is the resulting effect on blood circulation?
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Correct answer: B — Decreased blood pressure
Reduced filtration leads to an accumulation of waste products and fluid, often resulting in conditions related to decreased effective blood volume and potential hypotension if compensation fails.
Q10. Which of the following excretory products is primarily eliminated by the kidneys in the form of urine?
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Correct answer: A — Urea
The kidneys are responsible for filtering blood and eliminating metabolic wastes. Urea is the primary nitrogenous waste product formed during protein metabolism and is excreted by the kidneys in the urine. Ammonia is also excreted, but urea is the major component. Uric acid is also excreted, but urea is the most significant nitrogenous waste eliminated via this pathway. Glucose is also excreted, but the question asks about the primary excreted product derived from metabolism.
Q11. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining the body's osmotic balance by controlling the excretion of which substance?
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Correct answer: D — Water
The kidneys tightly regulate water balance by controlling the excretion of water, which is essential for maintaining proper osmotic balance in the body.
Q12. The elimination of metabolic waste products is crucial for maintaining the body's homeostasis. Which excretory product is primarily regulated by the kidneys?
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Correct answer: D — Nitrogenous wastes
The kidneys regulate the balance of water and the excretion of nitrogenous waste products (like urea) to maintain osmotic and acid-base balance.
Q13. Which substance is the primary nitrogenous waste product excreted by the human body through the kidneys?
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Correct answer: B — Ammonia
Urea is the principal end-product of amino acid catabolism and is primarily excreted by the kidneys.
Q14. Which part of the nephron is responsible for the initial bulk filtration of blood?
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Correct answer: B — Glomerulus
The Glomerulus is a network of capillaries where blood pressure causes the initial filtration of water and small solutes from the blood into Bowman's capsule.
Q15. The process by which excess water is reabsorbed from the renal tubules back into the bloodstream is primarily controlled by the action of which hormone?
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Correct answer: B — Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) or Vasopressin acts on the collecting ducts to increase water reabsorption, thereby regulating the final urine concentration and plasma osmolarity.
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