NEET Biology: Human excretory system-structure and fuction Practice Questions
15 free multiple-choice questions on Human excretory system-structure and fuction (Excretory Products and their elimination) for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more NEET questions in the app →Q1. Excess water is reabsorbed from the filtrate in the renal tubules primarily to maintain:
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Correct answer: B — Water and salt balance
Reabsorption of water in the renal tubules is essential for maintaining the body's internal water and salt balance (osmoregulation).
Q2. Which structure serves as the final passage for the elimination of urine from the body?
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Correct answer: B — Urethra
The urethra is the tube that carries urine out of the body through the external opening.
Q3. What is the primary excretory product formed by the breakdown of excess amino acids in the liver, which is then excreted by the kidneys?
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Correct answer: A — Urea
Urea is the principal nitrogenous waste product formed in the liver and excreted via the kidneys.
Q4. Which structure in the kidney is primarily responsible for the filtration of blood and the formation of urine?
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Correct answer: B — Nephron
The nephron is the fundamental structural and functional unit of the kidney. It is responsible for the intricate process of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion that leads to urine formation.
Q5. The primary role of the excretory system in maintaining physiological balance is to ensure:
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Correct answer: D — Regulation of water and electrolyte balance
The excretory system, particularly the kidneys, plays a crucial role in maintaining renal homeostasis by tightly regulating the amounts of water, salts, and electrolytes in the body.
Q6. The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is called the:
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Correct answer: D — Ureter
The ureter is the muscular tube that transports urine from the renal pelvis of the kidney to the urinary bladder.
Q7. Which part of the excretory system is primarily responsible for the filtration of blood?
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Correct answer: A — Nephron
The nephron is the basic structural and functional unit of the kidney and is the site where blood filtration and waste formation (ultimately) occurs.
Q8. Which excretory product is primarily eliminated by the human excretory system in the form of urine?
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Correct answer: A — Urea
Urea is the principal nitrogenous waste product formed from the breakdown of amino acids in the liver, which is excreted via the kidneys.
Q9. What is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration and excretion?
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Correct answer: A — Nephron
The Nephron is the microscopic functional unit of the kidney, composed of the renal corpuscle (glomerulus and capsule) and the renal tubule.
Q10. Which hormone is crucial for regulating the volume and composition of urine output in the human excretory system?
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Correct answer: A — ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)
ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) is released by the pituitary gland in response to high plasma osmolarity. It acts on the collecting ducts to increase water reabsorption, thereby regulating the final volume of urine.
Q11. The filtration of blood in the kidney occurs in which specific structure?
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Correct answer: D — Glomerulus
Filtration occurs in the Glomerulus, which is a network of capillaries surrounded by Bowman's capsule. This process initiates urine formation by separating blood plasma from the renal tubules.
Q12. Which organ stores urine temporarily before it is eliminated from the body?
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Correct answer: A — Bladder
The urinary bladder is the organ responsible for storing urine temporarily.
Q13. The primary function of the nephron in the human excretory system is:
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Correct answer: D — Blood purification and urine formation
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.
Q14. Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for the filtration of blood?
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Correct answer: A — Bowman's capsule
Bowman's capsule, which surrounds the glomerulus, is where the initial filtration of blood occurs.
Q15. The main function of the excretory system in maintaining homeostasis is:
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Correct answer: C — Regulating water and salt balance
The excretory system, primarily through the kidneys, is crucial for regulating the balance of water and salts in the body.
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