NEET Biology: Genetics and Evolution Practice Questions
15 free multiple-choice questions on Genetics and Evolution for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more Genetics and Evolution questions in the app →Q1. Which type of nucleic acid contains the deoxyribose sugar in its backbone?
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Correct answer: D — DNA
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is characterized by having deoxyribose sugar in its nucleotide backbone, whereas RNA contains ribose sugar.
Q2. Which type of evidence from molecular biology provides strong support for the theory of evolution?
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Correct answer: D — DNA sequencing
DNA sequencing allows for the comparison of genetic material across species, revealing shared evolutionary history and common ancestry.
Q3. During the process of DNA replication, which enzyme is primarily responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands?
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Correct answer: B — DNA Polymerase
DNA Polymerase is the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of new DNA strands using the old strands as a template.
Q4. The phenomenon where two alleles result in a phenotype that is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes is known as:
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Correct answer: A — Incomplete dominance
Incomplete dominance occurs when the heterozygous phenotype is a blend or intermediate between the two homozygous phenotypes.
Q5. Which type of evidence from paleontology provides the most direct evidence regarding the evolution of life forms over geological time?
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Correct answer: A — Fossil record
The fossil record provides a chronological sequence of life forms found on Earth, demonstrating the appearance and disappearance of species across geological time, thus supporting evolutionary change.
Q6. The process by which genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to Protein is known as which concept?
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Correct answer: A — Translation
The Central Dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information: DNA is transcribed into RNA, and RNA is translated into protein.
Q7. In the genetic code, a codon specifies which molecule to be synthesized during translation. Which molecule is used as the template during translation?
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Correct answer: B — tRNA
Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring the specific amino acids to the ribosome, using the sequence on the mRNA as the template for protein synthesis.
Q8. The physical linkage of genes is most relevant in which area of genetics?
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Correct answer: A — Sex-linked inheritance
Linkage and crossing over primarily describe how genes on homologous chromosomes are inherited together and how they are exchanged during meiosis.
Q9. What term describes the process by which alleles are exchanged between different populations due to the movement of individuals?
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Correct answer: D — Gene flow
Gene flow is the transfer of genetic material from one population to another, which is a key factor influencing evolution and population genetics.
Q10. The process by which the genetic information encoded in DNA is expressed in the form of a functional protein is known as:
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Correct answer: B — Translation
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template, and translation is the synthesis of protein from an mRNA template, collectively representing the central dogma of molecular biology.
Q11. Which principle states that the allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences?
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Correct answer: B — Hardy-Weinberg’s Principle
The Hardy-Weinberg principle describes the conditions under which a population's allele and genotype frequencies remain stable (i.e., no evolution is occurring).
Q12. Which piece of evidence from Paleontology best supports the theory of evolution by natural selection?
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Correct answer: C — Fossil record
The fossil record provides a chronological sequence of life forms, showing changes over vast geological time, which supports evolutionary change.
Q13. Which piece of evidence primarily supports the theory of evolution based on the study of similarities and differences in the skeletal structures of different species?
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Correct answer: D — Comparative Anatomy
Comparative anatomy, the study of structural similarities and differences between different organisms, provides strong evidence for evolution by showing homologous structures inherited from a common ancestor.
Q14. The primary source of new genetic variation within a population is:
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Correct answer: C — Mutation
Mutations are the ultimate source of all new alleles and genetic variation upon which natural selection acts.
Q15. Which of the following processes describes the synthesis of a polypeptide chain from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA)?
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Correct answer: A — Translation
Translation is the process where the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to synthesize a specific sequence of amino acids, forming a polypeptide chain (protein).
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