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NEET Biology: Biotechnology and Its Applications Practice Questions

10 free multiple-choice questions on Biotechnology and Its Applications for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.

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  1. Q1. Biotechnology plays a significant role in the mass production of human insulin. This process relies on which fundamental biological principle?

    • AGene silencing
    • BRecombinant DNA technology
    • CApoptosis induction
    • DTransduction
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: B — Recombinant DNA technology

    The production of human insulin in bacteria involves inserting the human insulin gene into the bacterial plasmid (recombinant DNA technology), allowing the bacteria to produce the desired human protein in large quantities.

  2. Q2. Lactic acid bacteria are essential for the production of which food items consumed widely in human diet?

    • AMeat and Fish
    • BSugars and Oils
    • CFruits and Vegetables
    • DDairy products like curd and cheese
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: D — Dairy products like curd and cheese

    Lactic acid bacteria are crucial for the production of fermented dairy products such as curd (yogurt) and cheese, which are widely consumed for human welfare.

  3. Q3. Which of the following is a primary application of biotechnology in the field of health?

    • ABiofuel generation
    • BLarge-scale fermentation of food products
    • CDevelopment of diagnostic tools
    • DProduction of industrial enzymes
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: C — Development of diagnostic tools

    Biotechnology plays a crucial role in developing sophisticated diagnostic tools (like PCR) and developing novel therapeutics (like insulin production) for human health.

  4. Q4. The presence of various microbes in the environment helps in nutrient cycling. Which statement best describes the importance of these microbial activities for human welfare?

    • AThey exclusively cause diseases.
    • BThey regulate the flow of nutrients in the ecosystem.
    • CThey are directly responsible for disease transmission overall.
    • DThey only produce harmful toxins.
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: B — They regulate the flow of nutrients in the ecosystem.

    Decomposers and other microbes are vital for nutrient cycling (e.g., nitrogen cycle), ensuring that essential elements are available for plant life and sustaining the overall ecosystem that supports human life.

  5. Q5. Which of the following biotechnology applications is primarily used in developing diagnostic tools for genetic disorders in humans?

    • ACreation of transgenic livestock
    • BGenetic screening and sequencing
    • CBt Cotton production
    • DProduction of insulin
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: B — Genetic screening and sequencing

    Genetic screening and sequencing are fundamental biotechnological techniques used to identify specific gene mutations responsible for genetic disorders in humans, forming the basis for accurate diagnostics.

  6. Q6. Which microbe plays a vital role in breaking down organic waste and purifying water in environmental bioremediation processes?

    • AYeast
    • BE. coli
    • CMold
    • DSludge bacteria
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: D — Sludge bacteria

    Specific bacteria living in wastewater and soil (sludge bacteria) are utilized for the biological treatment and purification of environmental waste.

  7. Q7. Which microorganism plays a significant role in synthesizing various industrial enzymes used in the food and textile industries?

    • AFungi
    • BViruses
    • CBacteria
    • DAmoeba
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: A — Fungi

    Fungi are widely utilized in industrial biotechnology for producing enzymes (like amylase and cellulase) that are crucial for industrial processes.

  8. Q8. In the context of food processing, which type of bacteria is commonly used for the production of yogurt and cheese?

    • AE. coli
    • BLactobacillus spp.
    • CVibrio spp.
    • DSalmonella spp.
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: B — Lactobacillus spp.

    Lactic acid bacteria (like Lactobacillus) are essential for fermenting milk into yogurt and cheese, adding flavor and texture.

  9. Q9. In recombinant DNA technology, what is the desired outcome of inserting a gene from one organism into another?

    • ATo produce a desired protein in the host cell
    • BTo increase the organism's mass
    • CTo change the organism's color
    • DTo alter the organism's habitat
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: A — To produce a desired protein in the host cell

    The main goal of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA techniques is to utilize the host cell's machinery to produce specific, desired biological products, often proteins.

  10. Q10. The development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture is an application of biotechnology mainly aimed at:

    • AIncreasing food security and crop yield
    • BDecreasing water consumption exclusively
    • CReducing the need for fertilizers
    • DImproving soil quality only
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: A — Increasing food security and crop yield

    GMOs are developed to enhance agricultural productivity, primarily by making crops more resistant to pests, diseases, or environmental stresses, thereby increasing food security.

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