NEET Biology: Chemical Coordination and Regulation Practice Questions
13 free multiple-choice questions on Chemical Coordination and Regulation for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more Chemical Coordination and Regulation questions in the app →Q1. Which hypothalamic structure is crucial for initiating and maintaining the sleep-wake cycle (circadian rhythm)?
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Correct answer: D — Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)
The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) is often considered the master clock of the body, regulating circadian rhythms by synchronizing physiological processes with the external environment.
Q2. Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?
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Correct answer: B — ADH (Vasopressin)
The posterior pituitary primarily releases Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin, which are hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus.
Q3. The hypothalamus acts as the main control center for which system?
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Correct answer: D — Endocrine system
The hypothalamus is the primary link between the nervous system and the endocrine system, controlling the pituitary gland and various autonomic functions.
Q4. The mechanism by which a hormone exerts its effect is dependent on its specific chemical structure. This dependency implies that hormones must interact with specific molecular structures to elicit a response.
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Correct answer: C — Specificity
Hormones exhibit high specificity; they only interact with receptors that possess the complementary shape for binding.
Q5. Which thyroid hormone is generally involved in controlling the basal metabolic rate of the body?
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Correct answer: B — Thyroxine (T4)
Thyroxine (T4) secreted by the thyroid gland is a major regulator of the body's overall metabolic rate.
Q6. Thyroid hormones primarily regulate which of the following bodily processes?
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Correct answer: D — Protein synthesis and tissue growth
Thyroid hormones are crucial regulators of the basal metabolic rate, affecting the rate of cellular metabolism, protein synthesis, and growth processes.
Q7. In the context of hormone action, what term describes the general mechanism where a signal molecule (hormone) triggers a reaction in a distant cell?
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Correct answer: C — Paracrine signaling
Paracrine signaling involves signaling molecules (hormones) acting locally on nearby cells, while endocrine signaling involves signaling over long distances via the blood.
Q8. Which lobe of the pituitary gland is known as the anterior pituitary?
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Correct answer: A — Anterior pituitary
The anterior pituitary is the larger lobe that secretes a wide variety of tropic and direct-acting hormones.
Q9. Which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?
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Correct answer: D — Epinephrine
The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines, primarily epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine. Epinephrine is the main hormone responsible for initiating the immediate 'fight or flight' response.
Q10. Which cell type within the parathyroid gland acts as the primary sensor for extracellular calcium concentration and regulates PTH secretion in response to changes?
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Correct answer: D — Parathyroid chief cells
The chief cells of the parathyroid gland are specialized to sense the concentration of ionized calcium in the blood and adjust the secretion of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) accordingly.
Q11. The primary function of thyroid hormones in the body is to regulate:
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Correct answer: D — Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Thyroid hormones primarily regulate the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of the body tissues, thereby controlling the rate of cellular metabolism.
Q12. Which part of the pituitary gland is responsible for synthesizing and releasing hormones that are transported from the hypothalamus:
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Correct answer: A — Posterior pituitary
The posterior pituitary gland does not synthesize hormones; it stores and releases hormones that are produced by the hypothalamus (specifically the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei).
Q13. The anterior pituitary gland is composed of several distinct cell types. Which cell type is primarily responsible for secreting prolactin?
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Correct answer: C — Lactotrophs
Lactotrophs are the cells in the anterior pituitary responsible for synthesizing and secreting prolactin (the milk-producing hormone).
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