NEET Biology: Dialysis and artificial kidney Practice Questions
14 free multiple-choice questions on Dialysis and artificial kidney (Excretory Products and their elimination) for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more NEET questions in the app →Q1. In peritoneal dialysis, the dialyzing fluid is infused into which body cavity?
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Correct answer: D — the peritoneal cavity
Peritoneal dialysis involves using the peritoneal cavity as the filtering space. Dialyzing fluid is introduced into the peritoneal cavity and diffuses across the peritoneum to remove waste from the blood.
Q2. Which substance is primarily removed from the blood during the process of hemodialysis?
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Correct answer: A — Urea and Creatinine
Hemodialysis removes metabolic waste products, especially urea and creatinine, from the patient's blood to restore balance.
Q3. Which organ is primarily responsible for the filtration of blood and the elimination of nitrogenous wastes from the body?
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Correct answer: B — Kidney
The kidney is the primary excretory organ, filtering waste products from the blood to form urine.
Q4. What is the primary function of the blood in the context of waste elimination and artificial kidney treatment?
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Correct answer: D — Transporting waste products
The blood acts as the transport medium, carrying waste products collected from the tissues to the excretory organs and subsequently to the dialysis unit for purification.
Q5. The elimination of metabolic waste products from the body through the renal system is an example of which major excretory function?
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Correct answer: A — excretion
The process of eliminating metabolic waste products (like urea and excess salts) is fundamentally categorized as excretion.
Q6. Which of the following substances are typically removed from the blood during artificial kidney treatment?
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Correct answer: A — Glucose and Electrolytes
Dialysis removes metabolic wastes like urea and excess salts (electrolytes) from the blood.
Q7. Which of the following represents a major excretory product that is targeted for removal during hemodialysis?
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Correct answer: D — Uric acid
Urea and creatinine are the primary nitrogenous waste products that are effectively cleared from the blood during dialysis treatment.
Q8. Which component of blood is primarily responsible for transporting metabolic waste products to the kidneys for excretion?
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Correct answer: B — Plasma
Plasma is the liquid matrix of blood that carries dissolved substances, including metabolic waste products (like urea), to the excretory organs (kidneys).
Q9. What type of process is fundamentally responsible for the removal of waste products across the semipermeable membrane during dialysis?
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Correct answer: D — Osmosis
Waste removal during dialysis relies heavily on the principle of osmosis (or diffusion driven by concentration gradients) across the selective membrane.
Q10. The artificial kidney used in dialysis is commonly known by what name?
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Correct answer: D — Artificial Kidney
The artificial kidney is technically called a dialyzer, which is the device used to perform the filtration process during dialysis.
Q11. Which component of blood is typically circulated through the dialyzer during hemodialysis?
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Correct answer: A — Plasma
Hemodialysis primarily treats the plasma component of the blood, as this is where the metabolic waste products (like urea) are dissolved and need to be removed.
Q12. In the context of renal function, what is the major excretory product that needs to be eliminated from the body?
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Correct answer: D — Urea
Urea is the primary nitrogenous waste product formed by the liver and excreted by the kidneys.
Q13. Which type of dialysis involves the use of the patient's own peritoneal membrane as the semipermeable barrier?
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Correct answer: D — Peritoneal Dialysis
Peritoneal dialysis utilizes the peritoneal membrane surrounding the organs as the selective barrier through which the dialyzing fluid exchanges substances with the blood.
Q14. In the context of excretion, which of the following is the primary nitrogenous waste product formed by the breakdown of amino acids in the body?
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Correct answer: B — Ammonia
Ammonia is the main nitrogenous waste product generated through the catabolism of amino acids, which the kidneys must filter out.
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