NEET Biology: Regulation of kidney function-Renin-angiotensin Practice Questions
15 free multiple-choice questions on Regulation of kidney function-Renin-angiotensin (Excretory Products and their elimination) for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more NEET questions in the app →Q1. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor. What is its primary immediate effect on blood vessels?
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Correct answer: C — Vasoconstriction
Angiotensin II acts directly on smooth muscles in the blood vessels, causing widespread vasoconstriction, which increases systemic blood pressure.
Q2. Angiotensin II is a potent hormone primarily responsible for which immediate action on blood vessels?
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Correct answer: A — Systemic vasoconstriction
Angiotensin II is a powerful vasoconstrictor, causing immediate narrowing of blood vessels to increase systemic blood pressure.
Q3. Which structure in the kidney is directly involved in sensing changes in blood pressure and sodium concentration to regulate RAAS activation?
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Correct answer: B — Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA)
The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), specifically the juxtaglomerular cells, monitors blood pressure and NaCl concentration in the renal artery and adjusts renin secretion accordingly.
Q4. Which of the following is the primary target effect of Angiotensin II on blood vessels, contributing to the increase in systemic blood pressure?
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Correct answer: C — Vasoconstriction
Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor. By binding to AT1 receptors on smooth muscle cells in the arterioles, it causes widespread vasoconstriction, which directly increases total peripheral resistance and thus elevates systemic blood pressure.
Q5. The initial step in the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) involves the action of which enzyme?
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Correct answer: B — Renin
Renin is an enzyme secreted by the JGA that acts upon angiotensinogen (a protein secreted by the liver) to convert it into angiotensin I.
Q6. The primary physiological role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is to maintain:
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Correct answer: A — Blood volume and blood pressure
The RAAS system works primarily to regulate long-term blood pressure and maintain appropriate blood volume by controlling fluid balance.
Q7. Which part of the kidney is responsible for the secretion of renin?
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Correct answer: D — Juxtaglomerular apparatus
The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), located in the afferent arteriole of the renal corpuscle, contains the juxtaglomerular cells that monitor blood pressure and release renin.
Q8. Which part of the kidney is the primary source of renin secretion in response to low blood pressure signals?
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Correct answer: A — Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
The Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA), specifically the juxtaglomerular cells in the afferent arteriole, monitors blood pressure and sodium levels and secretes renin in response to these changes.
Q9. Which hormone released as a result of Angiotensin II action promotes sodium and water reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?
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Correct answer: B — Aldosterone
Angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone, which increases the reabsorption of sodium and water by the kidney tubules.
Q10. Angiotensin II acts primarily on the smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels. Which type of vessel constriction is mediated by Angiotensin II to regulate blood pressure and renal perfusion?
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Correct answer: A — Arteriole constriction
Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor. It acts on the smooth muscle cells to cause vasoconstriction, which increases systemic blood pressure and maintains renal blood flow.
Q11. Which molecule is the inactive precursor to Angiotensin II in the RAAS pathway?
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Correct answer: B — Angiotensinogen
Angiotensinogen, a protein produced by the liver, is cleaved by renin to form Angiotensin I, which is then converted by ACE to Angiotensin II.
Q12. Which part of the RAAS feedback loop primarily responds to increased blood volume and pressure to inhibit further renin release?
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Correct answer: C — Renin
When blood pressure and volume are adequate, the high levels of Angiotensin II provide negative feedback, inhibiting the release of Renin from the juxtaglomerular cells.
Q13. Angiotensin II primarily acts on which structure to raise systemic blood pressure?
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Correct answer: B — Efferent arteriole
Angiotensin II acts as a potent vasoconstrictor, primarily constricting the efferent arterioles in the kidney, which helps maintain glomerular filtration pressure, thus increasing blood pressure.
Q14. The primary hormonal mechanism that regulates plasma osmolarity and water balance, often triggered by Angiotensin II, involves which hormone?
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Correct answer: B — Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Angiotensin II stimulates the posterior pituitary to release ADH (Vasopressin), which increases water reabsorption in the renal collecting ducts, helping to maintain appropriate plasma osmolarity.
Q15. Angiotensinogen is a plasma protein synthesized primarily by which organ?
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Correct answer: C — Liver
Angiotensinogen is a large plasma protein synthesized and secreted by the liver, which is then circulated to the kidneys where it is cleaved by ACE.
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