NEET Biology: Cell Structure and Function Practice Questions
15 free multiple-choice questions on Cell Structure and Function for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more Cell Structure and Function questions in the app →Q1. Which part of the mitochondrion is responsible for the synthesis of ATP through aerobic respiration?
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Correct answer: D — Mitochondrial matrix
The mitochondrial matrix is the site where the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation occur, leading to ATP synthesis.
Q2. What is the primary role of the plasma membrane in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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Correct answer: A — Regulation of substance passage
The plasma membrane acts as a selectively permeable barrier, controlling which substances can enter or leave the cell.
Q3. Who proposed the concept that all living organisms are composed of cells?
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Correct answer: D — Schleiden
Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann are credited with proposing the cell theory, stating that all plants and animals are made up of cells.
Q4. Which of the following structures is present in a plant cell but absent in an animal cell?
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Correct answer: C — Cell wall
Plant cells possess a rigid cell wall outside the plasma membrane, which provides structural support. Animal cells lack a cell wall.
Q5. Which of the following structures is characteristic of a plant cell but absent in an animal cell?
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Correct answer: A — Cell wall
Plant cells possess a rigid cell wall outside the plasma membrane, which provides structural support. Animal cells lack a cell wall. Mitochondria, plasma membrane, and ribosomes are present in both cell types.
Q6. The movement of cilia and flagella is powered by which underlying structural element?
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Correct answer: A — Cytoskeletal microtubules
Cilia and flagella are composed of microtubules arranged in a characteristic 9+2 pattern, and their movement is driven by the sliding of these microtubules.
Q7. In nucleic acids, the nitrogenous bases (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine/Uracil) are held together by which type of bond?
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Correct answer: D — Phosphodiester linkage
The nitrogenous bases are linked to each other within the nucleotide structure by phosphodiester bonds, which form the backbone of the DNA/RNA structure.
Q8. Which component provides structural support and defines the shape of the nuclear envelope?
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Correct answer: B — Nuclear lamina
The nuclear lamina, a network of intermediate filaments underlying the inner nuclear membrane, provides structural support to the nuclear envelope.
Q9. The nuclear envelope is fundamentally delimited by which structure?
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Correct answer: A — Nuclear Membrane
The nuclear envelope is a double membrane structure. The inner boundary is defined by the nuclear lamina, and the outer boundary forms the nuclear membrane.
Q10. Which term describes the structural complexity found in eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?
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Correct answer: D — More compartmentalized
Eukaryotic cells are characterized by extensive internal compartmentalization due to the presence of membrane-bound organelles, making them structurally more complex than prokaryotic cells.
Q11. Which type of plastid is typically found in plant cells and is responsible for storing food?
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Correct answer: D — Amyloplasts
Plastids contain chloroplasts, which are the primary sites for photosynthesis. Amyloplasts are specialized plastids used for storing starch (food).
Q12. The Golgi apparatus is primarily involved in which stage of protein modification and transport within the endomembrane system?
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Correct answer: D — Post-translational modification and packaging
The Golgi apparatus functions as the main processing and packaging center, modifying proteins and lipids received from the ER before they are sent to their final destinations.
Q13. The layer situated outside the plasma membrane in plant cells, which is primarily composed of pectin and cellulose, is known as the:
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Correct answer: C — Cell wall
The entire rigid outer layer is the cell wall, which includes the middle lamella and the primary cell wall structure.
Q14. In which stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids align themselves along the equatorial plane of the cell?
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Correct answer: A — Metaphase
Metaphase is the stage where the chromosomes are maximally condensed and aligned at the metaphase plate (equator).
Q15. Which structure within the endomembrane system is crucial for the synthesis of proteins destined for secretion or insertion into membranes?
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Correct answer: B — Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) is studded with ribosomes and is the site where proteins are synthesized, initially folded, and modified for secretion.
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