NEET Biology: Disorders-Renal calculi Practice Questions
12 free multiple-choice questions on Disorders-Renal calculi (Excretory Products and their elimination) for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more NEET questions in the app →Q1. Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for the selective reabsorption of water and solutes from the filtrate?
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Correct answer: D — Loop of Henle
The Loop of Henle is crucial for establishing the osmotic gradient necessary for water reabsorption, playing a vital role in concentrating the urine and regulating water balance.
Q2. Which of the following is the most common type of renal calculi found in humans?
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Correct answer: B — Calcium oxalate
Calcium oxalate stones are the most frequently occurring type of kidney stones in the general population.
Q3. The primary excretory product from the blood that is filtered by the glomerulus and subsequently handled by the renal tubules is:
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Correct answer: D — Urea
Urea is a major nitrogenous waste product excreted by the kidneys and plays a key role in their filtration and elimination process.
Q4. Which of the following inorganic salts is the most common component involved in the formation of renal calculi (kidney stones)?
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Correct answer: D — Calcium oxalate
Calcium oxalate is the most frequently found component in kidney stones, accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. This is due to the supersaturation of urine with calcium and oxalate salts, leading to crystal precipitation.
Q5. Stones composed of calcium phosphate are commonly known as:
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Correct answer: C — Calcium phosphate stones
Calcium phosphate stones are a common type of calculus, often associated with metabolic conditions.
Q6. The excessive intake of high-protein diet can increase the risk of forming which type of kidney stone?
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Correct answer: B — Calcium oxalate stones
High protein intake increases the excretion of calcium and oxalate, raising the risk of forming calcium oxalate stones.
Q7. What is the acidic environment typically required for the solubility of calcium phosphate stones to be reduced?
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Correct answer: D — Acidic
In an acidic urine environment, the solubility of calcium phosphate compounds is generally reduced, making them more likely to precipitate as stones.
Q8. Which structure in the kidney is where the initial filtration of blood and formation of primary filtrate occurs?
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Correct answer: D — Glomerulus
The Glomerulus is a network of capillaries where blood is filtered, initiating the process of urine formation in the nephron.
Q9. Which substance is the primary component in the formation of the most common type of renal calculi (kidney stones)?
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Correct answer: C — Calcium Oxalate
Calcium oxalate is the most common constituent found in renal calculi, accounting for about 75% of stone formations.
Q10. What condition results from the blockage or swelling of the renal pelvis due to the backup of urine, often leading to damage to the kidney structure?
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Correct answer: C — Hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis is the swelling of the renal pelvis and calyces due to the obstruction of urine flow, which can lead to kidney damage.
Q11. A urine pH that is significantly acidic tends to favor the formation of which type of renal stone?
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Correct answer: C — Uric acid stones
Acidic urine (low pH) tends to increase the solubility of uric acid, facilitating the crystallization and formation of uric acid stones.
Q12. The formation of renal calculi (kidney stones) primarily results from the supersaturation of urine with which substance?
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Correct answer: A — Calcium salts
Kidney stones form when the concentration of specific salts (like calcium and phosphate) in the urine exceeds the solubility limit, leading to precipitation.
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