NEET Biology: Disorders-Renal failure Practice Questions
13 free multiple-choice questions on Disorders-Renal failure (Excretory Products and their elimination) for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more NEET questions in the app →Q1. Which structure is primarily responsible for the selective reabsorption of water and solutes by the renal tubules?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C — Renal tubules
The renal tubules are the site where most of the selective reabsorption of water, salts, and solutes from the filtrate back into the blood occurs, thus regulating body fluid composition.
Q2. The primary role of the nephron in the excretory system is to perform which of the following processes?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B — Filtration and reabsorption of waste products
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, specialized for the crucial processes of filtering blood and selectively reabsorbing necessary substances while eliminating metabolic wastes.
Q3. The primary excretory product of amino acid metabolism that the kidneys filter out is:
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C — Urea
Urea is the end product of the catabolism (breakdown) of amino acids, and the kidneys are responsible for filtering this waste product from the blood for excretion.
Q4. An accumulation of certain waste products in the blood, resulting from impaired kidney function, is often associated with which clinical sign related to systemic imbalance?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A — Acid-Base disturbance
Impaired renal function directly affects the body's ability to regulate the balance of acids and bases, leading to potential acid-base disturbances.
Q5. The main function of the excretory system in maintaining homeostasis is to control the concentration of which substance in the blood?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A — Water
The excretory system, primarily the kidneys, works to maintain the balance of water and electrolyte concentration in the blood, which is essential for maintaining physiological homeostasis.
Q6. Which of the following is a key indicator used to assess the overall functional capacity and filtration rate of the kidneys?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B — Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) is a commonly measured indicator reflecting the kidney's efficiency in filtering waste products from the blood.
Q7. Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for the selective reabsorption of water and solutes back into the blood?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A — Proximal convoluted tubule
The Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is the site where the majority (about 65-70%) of water and solutes are reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the blood, which is critical for regulating body fluid balance.
Q8. Renal failure primarily impairs the kidney's ability to maintain homeostasis. Which function is most directly affected by the inability to regulate water balance in the body?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: C — Osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid
The kidneys are crucial for regulating water reabsorption, which directly controls the osmotic pressure of the extracellular fluid.
Q9. Which blood component is the primary medium for transporting metabolic wastes, such as urea, to the excretory organs?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A — Plasma
Blood plasma is the extracellular fluid that carries dissolved substances, including nitrogenous wastes (like urea) formed by metabolism, to the excretory organs (kidneys) for filtration and elimination.
Q10. In cases of renal failure, the inability to excrete metabolic waste products leads to the accumulation of which of the following substances in the blood?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A — Urea and Creatinine
When kidney function is impaired, the excretion of nitrogenous wastes like urea and creatinine is reduced, leading to their accumulation in the blood, a hallmark of renal failure.
Q11. If the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is significantly reduced due to renal failure, what is the immediate consequence concerning waste removal?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: D — Reduced clearance rate of waste products
A reduced GFR means that the rate at which blood is filtered and subsequently waste is cleared from the blood is diminished.
Q12. Which hormone plays a crucial role in regulating blood volume and pressure, which is significantly affected by impaired renal function?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: B — Aldosterone
Aldosterone, secreted by the adrenal glands under the influence of the renin-angiotensin system, works with the kidneys to regulate sodium and water reabsorption, directly impacting blood volume and pressure.
Q13. Which component of the blood is primarily filtered by the glomerulus during blood purification process?
Show answer & explanation
Correct answer: A — Plasma
The glomerulus is a network of capillaries responsible for filtering blood, which is primarily plasma.
Keep going — practice on Padhai Karlo
Padhai Karlo gives you unlimited NEET practice: chapter-wise questions, timed quizzes, and full mock tests with an All-India Rank — free to start.
Get the free Android app →