NEET Biology: Cell organelles structure and function (Endomembrane system) Practice Questions
14 free multiple-choice questions on Cell organelles structure and function (Endomembrane system) (Cell Structure and Function) for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more NEET questions in the app →Q1. The Golgi apparatus is primarily involved in which stage of protein modification and transport within the endomembrane system?
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Correct answer: D — Post-translational modification and packaging
The Golgi apparatus functions as the main processing and packaging center, modifying proteins and lipids received from the ER before they are sent to their final destinations.
Q2. Which structure within the endomembrane system is crucial for the synthesis of proteins destined for secretion or insertion into membranes?
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Correct answer: B — Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) is studded with ribosomes and is the site where proteins are synthesized, initially folded, and modified for secretion.
Q3. The main function of the Golgi apparatus in the endomembrane system is to process and modify proteins and lipids.
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Correct answer: B — Packaging and modification
The Golgi apparatus acts as the cell's processing and packaging center, modifying proteins and lipids received from the ER.
Q4. The internal space enclosed by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is known as the:
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Correct answer: C — Lumen
The space enclosed within the membranes of the ER is termed the lumen, where many biochemical reactions occur.
Q5. The primary role of the vacuole in plant cells, which is a key component of the endomembrane system, is mainly related to:
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Correct answer: B — Storage and turgor pressure
In plant cells, the large central vacuole is essential for storing water, nutrients, and maintaining turgor pressure against the cell wall.
Q6. The Endomembrane system includes which of the following structures?
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Correct answer: A — Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and Lysosomes
The endomembrane system encompasses the ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vacuoles, which work together for secretion and modification.
Q7. The continuous flow of materials (proteins and lipids) occurs sequentially from the Endoplasmic Reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. This process is known as:
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Correct answer: A — Secretory pathway
The movement of materials from the ER to the Golgi apparatus, and subsequently to other destinations, is part of the secretory pathway.
Q8. Which organelle is known as the 'suicide bag' of the cell because it contains hydrolytic enzymes to break down waste materials?
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Correct answer: B — Lysosome
Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest waste materials and worn-out cell parts.
Q9. Which organelle in the endomembrane system is primarily responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids synthesized in the ER?
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Correct answer: A — Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus functions as the main processing and packaging center for materials arriving from the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), where proteins and lipids are modified before being sent to their final destinations.
Q10. What is the main structural component that defines the boundary of the endomembrane system?
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Correct answer: D — Plasma membrane
The plasma membrane forms the outer boundary of the entire endomembrane system, separating the cytoplasm from the external environment.
Q11. Which part of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is characterized by the presence of ribosomes attached to its surface, and is mainly involved in the synthesis of proteins destined for secretion or insertion into membranes?
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Correct answer: B — Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) is studded with ribosomes, making it crucial for the synthesis and modification of proteins that will be secreted or integrated into cellular membranes.
Q12. The endomembrane system is characterized by interconnected membrane-bound compartments. What structural feature allows these compartments to maintain distinct chemical environments?
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Correct answer: C — Compartmentalization by lipid bilayers
The defining feature of the endomembrane system is the presence of individual organelles enclosed by separate lipid bilayers, which creates distinct internal environments.
Q13. Which organelle is primarily responsible for protein synthesis and is studded with ribosomes?
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Correct answer: D — Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) is studded with ribosomes, which are responsible for protein synthesis.
Q14. Which of the following organelles contains hydrolytic enzymes necessary for breaking down waste materials and worn-out cell components?
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Correct answer: C — Lysosomes
Lysosomes contain powerful hydrolytic enzymes that digest macromolecules and cellular debris, performing the waste disposal function.
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