NEET Biology: Plant cell and animal cell comparison Practice Questions
15 free multiple-choice questions on Plant cell and animal cell comparison (Cell Structure and Function) for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more NEET questions in the app →Q1. Which of the following structures is present in a plant cell but absent in an animal cell?
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Correct answer: C — Cell wall
Plant cells possess a rigid cell wall outside the plasma membrane, which provides structural support. Animal cells lack a cell wall.
Q2. Which of the following structures is characteristic of a plant cell but absent in an animal cell?
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Correct answer: A — Cell wall
Plant cells possess a rigid cell wall outside the plasma membrane, which provides structural support. Animal cells lack a cell wall. Mitochondria, plasma membrane, and ribosomes are present in both cell types.
Q3. The difference in the structure of the central vacuole between a typical mature plant cell and an animal cell is primarily related to:
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Correct answer: B — The extensive storage capacity for water in plant cells
Plant cells possess a large, central vacuole that stores water, sap, and maintains turgor pressure against the cell wall. Animal cells typically have smaller, temporary vacuoles or vesicles instead of a single, large central vacuole.
Q4. Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?
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Correct answer: B — Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are the organelles in plant cells where photosynthesis takes place, converting light energy into chemical energy.
Q5. Which feature is characteristic of an animal cell but not found in a typical plant cell?
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Correct answer: B — Cell wall
Animal cells lack a cell wall and large central vacuoles, features characteristic of plant cells.
Q6. The primary difference in the shape and rigidity between a typical plant cell and an animal cell is due to the presence of the:
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Correct answer: C — Cell wall
The presence of the rigid cell wall in plant cells, which is absent in animal cells, dictates the fixed, angular shape of plant cells compared to the flexible shape of animal cells.
Q7. Which of the following organelles is typically present in a plant cell but absent in an animal cell?
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Correct answer: A — Cell wall
Plant cells possess a rigid cell wall, which is absent in animal cells.
Q8. Which structure is specialized for the synthesis and modification of lipids and proteins within the endomembrane system of a eukaryotic cell?
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Correct answer: D — Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus (or Golgi complex) modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids synthesized by the ER, functioning centrally in cellular compartmentalization.
Q9. Which structure is present in both plant and animal cells, serving as the control center for cell activities?
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Correct answer: D — Nucleus
The nucleus, containing the genetic material, is the control center in all types of eukaryotic cells.
Q10. Which of the following is a defining structural feature of a plant cell that is absent in an animal cell?
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Correct answer: A — Cell wall
Plant cells possess a rigid cell wall outside the plasma membrane, which provides structural support. Animal cells lack a cell wall. Mitochondria, plasma membrane, and ribosomes are present in both cell types.
Q11. The overall shape of a typical plant cell is generally fixed and regular. How does this relate to the presence of the cell wall?
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Correct answer: D — The cell wall imposes a fixed, usually rectangular shape on the cell
The rigid cell wall restricts the cell's shape, giving plant cells a fixed, defined shape, unlike animal cells which are more flexible.
Q12. The rigidity and fixed shape of a plant cell are mainly due to the presence of the:
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Correct answer: C — Cell wall
The rigid, fixed shape of plant cells is provided by the strong, rigid cell wall.
Q13. The rigid outer layer found in a plant cell is primarily composed of which substance, providing structural support and shape?
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Correct answer: B — Cell wall
The cell wall, located outside the plasma membrane in plant cells, is primarily composed of cellulose and provides rigid support to the plant cell. Animal cells lack a cell wall.
Q14. Which of the following organelles is primarily responsible for photosynthesis in a plant cell but is absent in an animal cell?
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Correct answer: B — Chloroplast
Chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis, where light energy is converted into chemical energy (food). They are present in plant cells and algae but absent in animal cells.
Q15. In plant cells, the large central vacuole is typically much larger in volume compared to animal cells. What is the main role of this large vacuole?
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Correct answer: B — Storing water and maintaining turgor pressure
The large central vacuole primarily stores water, nutrients, and waste, and maintains turgor pressure in the plant cell.
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