NEET Biology: Cytoskeleton cilia flagella centrioles structure and function Practice Questions
14 free multiple-choice questions on Cytoskeleton cilia flagella centrioles structure and function (Cell Structure and Function) for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more NEET questions in the app →Q1. The movement of cilia and flagella is powered by which underlying structural element?
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Correct answer: A — Cytoskeletal microtubules
Cilia and flagella are composed of microtubules arranged in a characteristic 9+2 pattern, and their movement is driven by the sliding of these microtubules.
Q2. In the structure of a cilium or flagellum, which arrangement of microtubules forms the characteristic 9+2 pattern?
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Correct answer: A — 9+2 arrangement
The characteristic arrangement of microtubules in the axoneme of cilia and flagella is the 9+2 arrangement, which is essential for their structure and coordinated movement.
Q3. The sliding of adjacent microtubule doublets is driven by motor proteins. Which motor protein is primarily responsible for sliding the microtubule doublets along one another?
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Correct answer: B — Dynein
Dynein motors are the molecular motors that utilize ATP energy to facilitate the sliding movement between adjacent microtubule doublets, which is fundamental for movement in structures like cilia/flagella.
Q4. Where are centrioles typically located within the cell?
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Correct answer: B — In the cytoplasm
Centrioles are generally located in the centrosome, which is positioned near the center of the cell, often near the nucleus.
Q5. Which part of the cytoskeleton is known to be highly dynamic and involved in cell motility and transport?
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Correct answer: D — Both B and C
Both microfilaments (actin filaments) and microtubules are involved in dynamic processes like cell shape change and movement.
Q6. Which structure of the cytoskeleton acts as a key organizing center for the arrangement of microtubules, often associated with the formation of cilia and flagella bases?
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Correct answer: B — Microtubules
Microtubules form the structural backbone of the cytoskeleton. Centrioles, which are microtubule-based structures, act as the Microtubule Organizing Center (MTOC) for organizing the arrangement of these microtubules, which is essential for forming cilia and flagella structure.
Q7. Which structure forms the core framework (axoneme) of a cilium or flagellum, which is composed of a characteristic arrangement of microtubules?
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Correct answer: B — Microtubules
C. Microtubules. Cilia and flagella are composed of a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules, which forms the structural basis (axoneme) for their movement.
Q8. Centrioles, which are crucial for organizing the basal body of cilia and flagella, are primarily composed of which type of protein filament?
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Correct answer: B — Microtubules
Centrioles are microtubule-based structures. They serve as the main microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) for organizing the axoneme structure of cilia and flagella.
Q9. Which organelle is primarily responsible for organizing the arrangement of microtubules in the basal body structure from which cilia and flagella emerge?
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Correct answer: C — Centriole
Centrioles (or basal bodies) serve as the main microtubule-organizing centers that anchor the basal body structure and organize the arrangement of the microtubule doublets that form the axoneme of cilia and flagella.
Q10. Which type of cytoskeletal filament is typically associated with resisting tensile stress and anchoring organelles within the cell?
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Correct answer: B — Intermediate filaments
Intermediate filaments are known for their high tensile strength and are primarily involved in providing mechanical support and anchoring cellular structures.
Q11. The arrangement of the nine doublet microtubules in the axoneme of a typical motile cilium or flagellum is characteristic of which structural pattern?
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Correct answer: B — Nine-plus-three arrangement
The characteristic arrangement of the nine outer microtubule doublets surrounded by nine inner single microtubules is known as the 'nine-plus-two' arrangement, which is fundamental to the structure of motile cilia and flagella.
Q12. The basal body, which anchors the axoneme of a cilium or flagellum, is derived from which cellular structure?
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Correct answer: C — Centriole
The basal body, which anchors the microtubule structure of cilia and flagella, is typically organized around a centriole within the cell.
Q13. Which protein is the primary structural component of microtubules?
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Correct answer: C — Tubulin
Tubulin is the protein subunit that polymerizes to form the hollow structure of microtubules.
Q14. In eukaryotic cells, what is the main structural role played by centrioles?
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Correct answer: D — Formation of the basal body for cilia/flagella
Centrioles act as the microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) and are crucial for organizing the structure required for the formation of the basal bodies of cilia and flagella.
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