NEET Biology: Cell envelope cell membrane cell wall Practice Questions
15 free multiple-choice questions on Cell envelope cell membrane cell wall (Cell Structure and Function) for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more NEET questions in the app →Q1. The layer situated outside the plasma membrane in plant cells, which is primarily composed of pectin and cellulose, is known as the:
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Correct answer: C — Cell wall
The entire rigid outer layer is the cell wall, which includes the middle lamella and the primary cell wall structure.
Q2. Which of the following structures is a defining component of the cell envelope in prokaryotic cells?
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Correct answer: A — Cell membrane
Prokaryotic cells possess a cell membrane which serves as the primary boundary, unlike eukaryotes which have a separate cell wall.
Q3. The primary function of the cell envelope is to define the cell and protect its internal contents from the external environment. This envelope consists of which two main layers?
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Correct answer: C — Plasma membrane and Cell wall
The cell envelope is composed of the selectively permeable plasma membrane and the rigid cell wall.
Q4. In animal cells, the cell envelope primarily consists of the plasma membrane and which structural layer?
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Correct answer: D — A thick protein cytoskeleton
Animal cells lack a cell wall; therefore, their envelope is essentially defined by the plasma membrane interacting with the internal cytoskeletal structures.
Q5. The rigid outer layer found in plant cells provides structural support and protection. What is the main component of this layer?
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Correct answer: D — Cellulose
The cell wall of plant cells is primarily composed of cellulose microfibrils, which provide rigidity and shape to the cell.
Q6. What is the main function of the cell wall in a plant cell?
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Correct answer: C — To provide mechanical strength and protection
The cell wall provides structural support, mechanical strength, and protection to the plant cell against external pressures.
Q7. The outermost layer of the plasma membrane, which is crucial for cell recognition and communication, is known as the:
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Correct answer: B — Glycocalyx
The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich layer extending from the cell surface, which is a key component of the cell envelope.
Q8. Which structure is primarily responsible for maintaining the shape and providing structural support to a plant cell?
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Correct answer: A — Cell wall
The cell wall, primarily composed of cellulose, provides rigid structural support and protection to the plant cell.
Q9. The plasma membrane is primarily composed of which class of molecules, which allows it to selectively control the passage of substances into and out of the cell?
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Correct answer: C — Lipids
The plasma membrane is a fluid mosaic structure whose structure is primarily defined by the lipid bilayer (lipids), which forms the basic barrier for selective permeability.
Q10. What is the essential difference in composition between the cell wall of a plant cell and the plasma membrane of a cell?
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Correct answer: C — Cell wall is composed of cellulose, membrane is composed of lipids
The cell wall is primarily made of cellulose (a polysaccharide), whereas the plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer (phospholipids).
Q11. The lipid bilayer composition of the cell membrane is primarily responsible for which function?
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Correct answer: C — Selective permeability
The lipid bilayer allows for selective permeability, controlling which substances can cross the boundary of the cell.
Q12. The primary function of the cell wall in a plant cell is to provide:
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Correct answer: A — Structural strength and protection
The cell wall provides mechanical strength, shape, and protection to the plant cell.
Q13. The selectively permeable nature of the cell membrane allows which of the following processes to occur?
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Correct answer: D — All of the above
The cell membrane controls the passage of substances, allowing substances to move across it via diffusion (passive transport) and active transport (energy-dependent).
Q14. In animal cells, the outermost boundary is the cell membrane. What is the most accurate description of its role?
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Correct answer: B — Regulating the movement of substances
The cell membrane acts as a barrier that selectively controls which substances enter and leave the cell, defining its environment.
Q15. Which of the following structures is primarily responsible for providing structural strength and rigidity to a plant cell, distinguishing it from the plasma membrane?
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Correct answer: D — Cell Wall
The Cell Wall is a rigid layer outside the plasma membrane found in plant cells, providing mechanical support and protection. The plasma membrane is flexible and lies just inside the cell wall.
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