NEET Biology: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure Practice Questions
15 free multiple-choice questions on Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure (Cell Structure and Function) for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more NEET questions in the app →Q1. What is the primary role of the plasma membrane in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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Correct answer: A — Regulation of substance passage
The plasma membrane acts as a selectively permeable barrier, controlling which substances can enter or leave the cell.
Q2. Which term describes the structural complexity found in eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?
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Correct answer: D — More compartmentalized
Eukaryotic cells are characterized by extensive internal compartmentalization due to the presence of membrane-bound organelles, making them structurally more complex than prokaryotic cells.
Q3. The presence of membrane-bound organelles is a key distinguishing feature of:
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Correct answer: D — Eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells are defined by the compartmentalization provided by extensive internal membrane systems and membrane-bound organelles.
Q4. The cell wall in a bacterium is primarily composed of which polymer?
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Correct answer: C — Peptidoglycan
The cell wall of most bacteria is composed of peptidoglycan, which provides structural rigidity to the cell.
Q5. Which structure is responsible for protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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Correct answer: D — Ribosome
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis and are present in all cellular life forms (prokaryotes and eukaryotes).
Q6. Which of the following features is characteristic of a eukaryotic cell but absent in a prokaryotic cell?
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Correct answer: A — Endoplasmic Reticulum
Eukaryotic cells are characterized by the presence of membrane-bound organelles, such as the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Prokaryotic cells lack these complex, membrane-bound internal structures.
Q7. Which organelle is absent in prokaryotic cells but present in eukaryotic cells?
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Correct answer: D — Mitochondria
Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found only in eukaryotic cells.
Q8. Which of the following is a defining characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
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Correct answer: A — Presence of a circular chromosome
Prokaryotic cells lack a true, membrane-bound nucleus and do not possess membrane-bound organelles. They possess a circular chromosome instead.
Q9. Which statement accurately describes the organizational complexity between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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Correct answer: D — Eukaryotic cells exhibit greater compartmentalization due to the presence of a nucleus.
Eukaryotic cells are characterized by complex internal compartmentalization (organelles enclosed by membranes), whereas prokaryotic cells lack these membrane-bound structures.
Q10. Which of the following structures is generally absent in prokaryotic cells but present in eukaryotic cells?
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Correct answer: C — Mitochondria
Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum, and Golgi apparatus are membrane-bound organelles characteristic of eukaryotic cells, while prokaryotic cells lack these complex internal membrane structures.
Q11. Which of the following structures is exclusive to eukaryotic cells and not found in prokaryotic cells?
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Correct answer: A — Endomembrane system
Eukaryotic cells possess membrane-bound organelles like the endomembrane system (ER, Golgi, lysosomes), which are absent in prokaryotes.
Q12. The cell wall in most prokaryotes is primarily made up of which component?
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Correct answer: B — Peptidoglycan
The cell wall of most bacteria is composed of peptidoglycan, a polymer made of sugars and amino acids.
Q13. Which of the following structures is NOT found in a typical prokaryotic cell?
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Correct answer: D — Mitochondria
Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and a true nucleus. They possess ribosomes and a plasma membrane, but not mitochondria or a nucleus.
Q14. The rigid outer layer found in prokaryotic cells that provides structural support is primarily composed of which molecule?
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Correct answer: B — Peptidoglycan
The cell wall of most bacteria (prokaryotes) is primarily composed of peptidoglycan, which is a defining feature of their structure.
Q15. The genetic material in prokaryotic cells is typically organized as a:
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Correct answer: B — Single circular chromosome
Prokaryotic cells generally possess a single, circular chromosome located in the nucleoid region, unlike the multiple linear chromosomes found in eukaryotes.
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