NEET Biology: Cell organelles structure and function (Mitochondria Ribosomes Plastids) Practice Questions
15 free multiple-choice questions on Cell organelles structure and function (Mitochondria Ribosomes Plastids) (Cell Structure and Function) for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more NEET questions in the app →Q1. Which part of the mitochondrion is responsible for the synthesis of ATP through aerobic respiration?
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Correct answer: D — Mitochondrial matrix
The mitochondrial matrix is the site where the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation occur, leading to ATP synthesis.
Q2. Which type of plastid is typically found in plant cells and is responsible for storing food?
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Correct answer: D — Amyloplasts
Plastids contain chloroplasts, which are the primary sites for photosynthesis. Amyloplasts are specialized plastids used for storing starch (food).
Q3. Where are ribosomes primarily located within an animal cell?
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Correct answer: D — Free in the cytoplasm
Ribosomes are free-floating in the cytoplasm, where they synthesize proteins that are destined for use in the cell or secreted outside the cell.
Q4. Which type of plastid is responsible for the storage of starch in plant cells?
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Correct answer: B — Amyloplast
Amyloplasts are the plastids specifically involved in the synthesis and storage of starch.
Q5. Which part of the mitochondrion is primarily responsible for generating the proton gradient necessary for ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation?
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Correct answer: A — Cristae
The inner mitochondrial membrane is folded into structures called cristae. The proton gradient (H+ concentration difference) across the inner mitochondrial membrane, established by the electron transport chain, is crucial for ATP synthesis by ATP synthase, which is embedded in this membrane structure.
Q6. Which cellular structure is primarily responsible for protein synthesis in the cell?
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Correct answer: D — Ribosome
Ribosomes are the cellular machinery responsible for translating genetic information (mRNA) into polypeptide chains (proteins).
Q7. The main function of the mitochondrial inner membrane is to facilitate which crucial biological process?
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Correct answer: D — Electron transport and ATP synthesis
The inner mitochondrial membrane houses the machinery necessary for oxidative phosphorylation, which generates the vast majority of ATP.
Q8. Starch is a storage carbohydrate found in which type of plastid?
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Correct answer: A — Amyloplast
Amyloplasts (a type of plastid) are responsible for the storage of starch in plant cells.
Q9. The inner membrane of the mitochondrion is highly folded into structures known as:
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Correct answer: D — Cristae
The internal folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane are called cristae, which increase the surface area for ATP production.
Q10. Which component of the mitochondrion is responsible for the synthesis of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation?
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Correct answer: D — Cristae
The cristae (folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane) are the sites where the electron transport chain and ATP synthase are located, which are crucial for ATP synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation.
Q11. Which term describes the site within the mitochondrion where the Krebs cycle occurs?
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Correct answer: A — Matrix
The mitochondrial matrix is the internal compartment where the Krebs cycle and subsequent processes related to energy production take place.
Q12. Which of the following is a type of plastid found in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis?
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Correct answer: C — Chloroplast
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are the sites where photosynthesis occurs in plant cells.
Q13. Which of the following organelles is primarily involved in the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids synthesized by the ER?
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Correct answer: A — Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus acts as the cell's post office, modifying, sorting, and packaging materials received from the Endoplasmic Reticulum.
Q14. The primary function of the mitochondria is:
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Correct answer: B — ATP generation
Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration to produce energy in the form of ATP.
Q15. Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins within the cell?
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Correct answer: D — Ribosome
Ribosomes are the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis, a fundamental process in the cell.
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