NEET Biology: Endocrine glands and hormones Practice Questions
15 free multiple-choice questions on Endocrine glands and hormones (Chemical Coordination and Regulation) for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more NEET questions in the app →Q1. Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and is primarily responsible for stimulating growth and development in humans?
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Correct answer: B — Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone (GH), secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, is the primary hormone responsible for promoting growth, cell reproduction, and tissue development during childhood and adolescence.
Q2. Which endocrine gland is responsible for the secretion of adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline?
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Correct answer: B — Adrenal gland
The adrenal cortex secretes corticosteroids, while the adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines like adrenaline and noradrenaline.
Q3. Which endocrine gland is often called the 'master gland' of the endocrine system?
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Correct answer: D — Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland is known as the master gland because it controls the secretion of hormones from several other endocrine glands.
Q4. Which endocrine gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' because it controls the secretion of many other endocrine glands?
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Correct answer: D — Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland is known as the master gland because it secretes various hormones that regulate the function of other endocrine glands, such as the thyroid and adrenals.
Q5. The hormone Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), secreted by the posterior pituitary gland, mainly controls the water balance in the body by affecting which organ?
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Correct answer: D — Kidneys
ADH acts on the collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, thus regulating blood volume and osmolarity.
Q6. Which of the following hormones secreted by the thyroid gland is primarily responsible for regulating the basal metabolic rate of the body?
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Correct answer: A — Thyroxine (T4)
Thyroxine (T4) and its activated form T3, secreted by the thyroid gland, are essential for regulating the body's metabolism, as they control the rate at which cells use energy (basal metabolic rate).
Q7. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the growth and development of bones and tissues?
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Correct answer: D — Growth Hormone
Growth Hormone (GH), secreted by the pituitary gland, is essential for stimulating the growth and development of bones, muscles, and tissues.
Q8. Which type of hormone is generally fat-soluble and easily crosses the cell membrane to interact with intracellular receptors?
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Correct answer: C — Steroid hormones
Steroid hormones (like sex hormones) are derived from lipids and are fat-soluble, allowing them to easily pass through the plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptors.
Q9. Which of the following hormones is released by the adrenal medulla and prepares the body for a 'fight or flight' response?
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Correct answer: A — Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
Adrenaline (Epinephrine) is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is responsible for triggering the immediate stress response (fight or flight).
Q10. Which gland is responsible for producing stress hormones, such as cortisol and adrenaline?
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Correct answer: C — Adrenal gland
The adrenal gland consists of two parts, the cortex and medulla, both of which secrete steroid hormones (like cortisol) and catecholamines (like adrenaline) respectively, which manage the body's stress response.
Q11. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, plays a vital role in which physiological process?
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Correct answer: B — Regulating blood glucose levels
Insulin is secreted by the pancreas and acts to help cells take up glucose from the blood, thus regulating blood glucose levels.
Q12. Which hypothalamic hormone stimulates the anterior pituitary to release TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)?
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Correct answer: B — Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
TRH, secreted by the hypothalamus, travels via the portal system to the anterior pituitary to stimulate the release of TSH, which then targets the thyroid gland.
Q13. The primary function of insulin, secreted by the pancreatic beta cells, is to regulate which process in the body?
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Correct answer: D — Glucose metabolism
Insulin's main role is to facilitate the uptake of glucose from the blood into the cells for energy utilization and storage.
Q14. The pineal gland is primarily known for regulating which biological process?
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Correct answer: A — Circadian rhythms (sleep-wake cycle)
The pineal gland secretes melatonin, a hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle, thereby controlling the body's circadian rhythms.
Q15. Which hormone is secreted by the thyroid gland and primarily regulates the body's basal metabolic rate?
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Correct answer: B — Thyroxine
Thyroxine (T4 and T3) secreted by the thyroid gland is crucial for regulating the metabolism and energy expenditure of the body.
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