NEET Biology: Human endocrine system-Thyroid Practice Questions
15 free multiple-choice questions on Human endocrine system-Thyroid (Chemical Coordination and Regulation) for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more NEET questions in the app →Q1. Thyroid hormones primarily regulate which of the following bodily processes?
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Correct answer: D — Protein synthesis and tissue growth
Thyroid hormones are crucial regulators of the basal metabolic rate, affecting the rate of cellular metabolism, protein synthesis, and growth processes.
Q2. The primary function of thyroid hormones in the body is to regulate:
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Correct answer: D — Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Thyroid hormones primarily regulate the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of the body tissues, thereby controlling the rate of cellular metabolism.
Q3. Which pituitary hormone plays a key role in regulating the activity of the thyroid gland?
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Correct answer: D — Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), secreted by the pituitary gland, acts as the primary regulator, stimulating the thyroid gland to release T4 and T3.
Q4. The cells of the thyroid gland that produce calcitonin are located in which part of the gland?
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Correct answer: B — Parafollicular cells
The parafollicular cells (C cells) are found between the thyroid follicles and secrete the hormone calcitonin.
Q5. The negative feedback mechanism in the thyroid axis ensures proper regulation by:
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Correct answer: B — Decreased TSH activity when T4/T3 levels are high
When levels of T4 and T3 in the blood are adequate, they feed back to the pituitary and hypothalamus, inhibiting the release of TSH and TRH, thereby maintaining homeostasis.
Q6. Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones?
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Correct answer: D — Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), released from the anterior pituitary, acts as the trophic hormone to stimulate the thyroid gland to synthesize T3 and T4.
Q7. The main role of thyroglobulin in the synthesis pathway of thyroid hormones is to act as a precursor for which process?
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Correct answer: D — Serving as the substrate for hormone formation
Thyroglobulin is a large glycoprotein that acts as the substrate upon which iodine is attached and subsequently oxidized to form T3 and T4.
Q8. The main role of the thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) in the body is primarily to regulate which process?
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Correct answer: B — Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Thyroid hormones primarily control the rate of cellular metabolism and thus regulate the basal metabolic rate (BMR) of the body.
Q9. Which element is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) in the thyroid gland?
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Correct answer: D — Iodine
Iodine is an essential mineral required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland.
Q10. Which tissue is responsible for producing and secreting the thyroid hormones?
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Correct answer: B — Thyroid gland
The thyroid gland is the primary endocrine gland responsible for synthesizing and secreting thyroid hormones (T3 and T4).
Q11. A deficiency of thyroid hormones typically leads to which condition?
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Correct answer: D — Hypothyroidism
A deficiency of thyroid hormones results in hypothyroidism, which slows down the body's metabolism.
Q12. Which of the following is the main active form of thyroid hormone?
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Correct answer: C — Triiodothyronine (T3)
Triiodothyronine (T3) is the biologically active form of the thyroid hormone; T4 is the main hormone secreted by the gland, which is converted into T3 in peripheral tissues.
Q13. What is the primary function of the thyroid gland in relation to metabolism?
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Correct answer: D — Controlling the basal metabolic rate
Thyroid hormones directly influence the metabolic rate of all body cells, thereby controlling the overall basal metabolic rate of the organism.
Q14. Which is the main site where thyroid hormones exert their effects on the body cells?
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Correct answer: B — Target tissues throughout the body
Thyroid hormones regulate the metabolism and functions in nearly all body tissues, affecting energy expenditure and growth processes.
Q15. Where is the thyroid gland anatomically located?
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Correct answer: C — Neck
The thyroid gland is situated in the anterior part of the neck, just below the larynx.
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