NEET Biology: Human endocrine system-Pituitary Practice Questions
15 free multiple-choice questions on Human endocrine system-Pituitary (Chemical Coordination and Regulation) for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more NEET questions in the app →Q1. Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?
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Correct answer: B — ADH (Vasopressin)
The posterior pituitary primarily releases Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin, which are hormones synthesized in the hypothalamus.
Q2. Which lobe of the pituitary gland is known as the anterior pituitary?
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Correct answer: A — Anterior pituitary
The anterior pituitary is the larger lobe that secretes a wide variety of tropic and direct-acting hormones.
Q3. Which part of the pituitary gland is responsible for synthesizing and releasing hormones that are transported from the hypothalamus:
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Correct answer: A — Posterior pituitary
The posterior pituitary gland does not synthesize hormones; it stores and releases hormones that are produced by the hypothalamus (specifically the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei).
Q4. The anterior pituitary gland is composed of several distinct cell types. Which cell type is primarily responsible for secreting prolactin?
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Correct answer: C — Lactotrophs
Lactotrophs are the cells in the anterior pituitary responsible for synthesizing and secreting prolactin (the milk-producing hormone).
Q5. The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland through which mechanism?
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Correct answer: C — Hormonal feedback
The hypothalamus secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones that control the secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary, establishing the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
Q6. Which of the following hormones is synthesized in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland?
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Correct answer: D — ADH
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are subsequently released by the posterior pituitary gland.
Q7. The anterior pituitary gland is primarily regulated by signals originating from which part of the brain?
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Correct answer: B — Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus acts as the control center, secreting releasing and inhibiting hormones that control the secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary.
Q8. Which structure forms the connection pathway between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?
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Correct answer: C — Infundibulum
The infundibulum (or pituitary stalk) is the stalk that connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland, facilitating hormonal communication.
Q9. The pituitary gland is often called the 'master gland' because it controls the secretion of hormones from which part of the body?
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Correct answer: D — Thyroid gland
The pituitary gland controls the endocrine glands (like the thyroid, adrenals, and gonads) by releasing tropic hormones, thus acting as the master regulator.
Q10. Which of the following hormones is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland to regulate growth and metabolism?
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Correct answer: A — Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin, is the primary hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that regulates growth and metabolic processes.
Q11. The anterior pituitary gland is structurally composed of which specific types of endocrine cells?
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Correct answer: D — Endocrine cells and nerve cells
The anterior pituitary is composed of various endocrine cells (e.g., somatotrophs, lactotrophs, corticotrophs) responsible for synthesizing and secreting various hormones.
Q12. The cells of the anterior pituitary gland primarily synthesize and secrete which type of hormones?
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Correct answer: C — Peptide hormones
The anterior pituitary cells primarily synthesize and secrete tropic hormones (like TSH, ACTH) and growth hormone (GH).
Q13. Hormones like ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) and Oxytocin are synthesized by which part of the pituitary gland?
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Correct answer: C — Posterior pituitary
ADH and Oxytocin are produced by the hypothalamus but are released by the posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis).
Q14. The pituitary gland is often referred to as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system primarily because it controls which other endocrine glands?
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Correct answer: C — Thyroid and Adrenal glands
The pituitary gland controls many other endocrine glands (like the thyroid and adrenal glands) by secreting tropic hormones.
Q15. Which hormone is synthesized by the hypothalamus but stored and released by the posterior pituitary?
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Correct answer: B — Oxytocin
Oxytocin and Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) are synthesized in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland.
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