NEET Biology: Human endocrine system-Adrenal Practice Questions
11 free multiple-choice questions on Human endocrine system-Adrenal (Chemical Coordination and Regulation) for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more NEET questions in the app →Q1. Which of the following hormones is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?
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Correct answer: D — Epinephrine
The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines, primarily epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine. Epinephrine is the main hormone responsible for initiating the immediate 'fight or flight' response.
Q2. The primary role of cortisol, a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex, is to maintain blood glucose levels during stress. This action is known as:
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Correct answer: D — Gluconeogenesis
Cortisol promotes gluconeogenesis (the creation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources) in the liver, ensuring adequate glucose supply to the body during stress.
Q3. The secretion of cortisol by the adrenal cortex is often regulated by a negative feedback mechanism involving the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. What is the primary purpose of this feedback mechanism?
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Correct answer: C — To manage the long-term stress response
The HPA axis feedback mechanism ensures that the stress response hormone levels are maintained within a physiological range.
Q4. Which of the following substances is synthesized by the adrenal cortex and functions to maintain blood pressure and osmotic balance?
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Correct answer: A — Aldosterone
Aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex, regulates sodium and water balance, thereby affecting blood pressure.
Q5. Which hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex is primarily involved in regulating blood glucose levels?
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Correct answer: A — Cortisol
Cortisol, a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex, plays a crucial role in metabolic regulation, including increasing blood glucose levels.
Q6. Which type of hormone is primarily responsible for regulating the body's response to stress and managing blood glucose levels in the adrenal cortex?
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Correct answer: D — Cortisol
Cortisol, a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex, plays a crucial role in stress response and metabolism.
Q7. Which component of the adrenal gland secretes catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline) into the bloodstream?
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Correct answer: A — Adrenal medulla
The adrenal medulla is the inner part of the gland responsible for synthesizing and secreting catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) in response to neural signals.
Q8. Which part of the adrenal gland is the inner part, responsible for the synthesis of hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine?
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Correct answer: A — Adrenal Medulla
The adrenal medulla is the inner part of the adrenal gland and secretes the catecholamines, epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Q9. The adrenal cortex secretes various types of corticosteroids. Which type of corticosteroid is primarily responsible for maintaining blood pressure and regulating electrolyte balance?
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Correct answer: A — Aldosterone
Aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid secreted by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, regulates the retention of sodium and water by the kidneys, thereby maintaining blood volume and pressure.
Q10. Aldosterone, a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, is mainly responsible for regulating which bodily function?
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Correct answer: A — Water and salt balance
Aldosterone acts on the kidneys to regulate sodium and potassium excretion, thus controlling the long-term regulation of water and salt balance in the body.
Q11. Which region of the adrenal gland is responsible for the synthesis and secretion of catecholamines like adrenaline and noradrenaline?
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Correct answer: A — Adrenal medulla
The adrenal medulla is the inner core of the adrenal gland, which is responsible for secreting catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline), while the adrenal cortex secretes steroid hormones.
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