NEET Biology: Principles and process of Biotechnology Practice Questions
12 free multiple-choice questions on Principles and process of Biotechnology (Biotechnology and Its Applications) for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more NEET questions in the app →Q1. In recombinant DNA technology, what is the desired outcome of inserting a gene from one organism into another?
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Correct answer: A — To produce a desired protein in the host cell
The main goal of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA techniques is to utilize the host cell's machinery to produce specific, desired biological products, often proteins.
Q2. In the context of rDNA technology, what is the role of DNA Polymerase?
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Correct answer: B — To synthesize new DNA strands
DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands using a template, which is essential for amplifying or synthesizing new DNA molecules.
Q3. The process of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is primarily used for what purpose in molecular biology?
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Correct answer: A — Amplification of specific DNA sequences
PCR is a technique used to amplify (make many copies of) a specific segment of a DNA molecule.
Q4. In the process of cloning a gene into a plasmid vector, what molecule acts as the carrier for the foreign DNA?
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Correct answer: B — Plasmid
A plasmid is a small, circular DNA molecule used as a vector to carry foreign genetic material into a host cell for replication and expression.
Q5. Which technique is used to separate DNA fragments based on their size and electrical charge?
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Correct answer: C — Electrophoresis
Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on their size as they migrate through a porous gel under an electric field.
Q6. Which of the following biological molecules is essential for coding the hereditary information in living organisms?
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Correct answer: D — Nucleic acid
Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are the fundamental molecules that store and express the genetic information of an organism.
Q7. What is the primary function of a cloning vector in recombinant DNA technology?
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Correct answer: C — To carry foreign DNA into a host cell
Cloning vectors (like plasmids) are DNA molecules used to carry foreign DNA into a host cell for replication and expression.
Q8. Which enzyme is commonly used to cut DNA at specific recognition sequences in recombinant DNA technology?
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Correct answer: C — Restriction Endonuclease
Restriction endonucleases (restriction enzymes) are molecular scissors used to cut DNA molecules at specific recognition sites, which is the initial step in recombinant DNA technology.
Q9. What is the primary function of DNA ligase in the process of recombinant DNA formation?
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Correct answer: C — Joining DNA fragments together
DNA ligase catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds, effectively joining the separate DNA fragments (like the gene and the vector) into a single recombinant DNA molecule.
Q10. In the context of genetic engineering, what is the primary goal of cloning a gene into a host organism?
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Correct answer: C — To express the desired protein
The main goal of cloning a gene is usually to express that gene and produce the corresponding protein in the host system.
Q11. What is the primary purpose of using a plasmid as a cloning vector in genetic engineering?
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Correct answer: A — To carry the foreign DNA into a host cell
Plasmids are circular DNA molecules found in bacteria that can carry foreign genetic material (recombinant DNA) and replicate independently within the host cell.
Q12. The technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA and produce millions of copies of it is known as:
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Correct answer: C — Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
PCR is a technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA exponentially, which is fundamental in molecular biology applications.
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