NEET Biology: Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture Practice Questions
10 free multiple-choice questions on Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture (Biotechnology and Its Applications) for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more NEET questions in the app →Q1. Biotechnology plays a significant role in the mass production of human insulin. This process relies on which fundamental biological principle?
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Correct answer: B — Recombinant DNA technology
The production of human insulin in bacteria involves inserting the human insulin gene into the bacterial plasmid (recombinant DNA technology), allowing the bacteria to produce the desired human protein in large quantities.
Q2. Which of the following is a primary application of biotechnology in the field of health?
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Correct answer: C — Development of diagnostic tools
Biotechnology plays a crucial role in developing sophisticated diagnostic tools (like PCR) and developing novel therapeutics (like insulin production) for human health.
Q3. Which of the following biotechnology applications is primarily used in developing diagnostic tools for genetic disorders in humans?
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Correct answer: B — Genetic screening and sequencing
Genetic screening and sequencing are fundamental biotechnological techniques used to identify specific gene mutations responsible for genetic disorders in humans, forming the basis for accurate diagnostics.
Q4. The development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture is an application of biotechnology mainly aimed at:
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Correct answer: A — Increasing food security and crop yield
GMOs are developed to enhance agricultural productivity, primarily by making crops more resistant to pests, diseases, or environmental stresses, thereby increasing food security.
Q5. The production of human insulin using genetically modified bacteria is a classic example of biotechnology application in which field?
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Correct answer: C — Medical Biotechnology
The use of microorganisms (bacteria) to produce essential human proteins like insulin falls under Medical Biotechnology, specifically therapeutic applications.
Q6. Which biotechnological approach is primarily utilized in developing genetically modified crops for enhanced pest resistance?
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Correct answer: C — Recombinant DNA technology
Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is a modern technique used in plant breeding, often combined with genetic markers identified through biotechnology, to select desirable traits (like pest resistance) more efficiently than traditional breeding methods.
Q7. Insulin for diabetic patients is often produced using which method in biotechnology?
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Correct answer: D — Recombinant DNA technology
Insulin production in humans is achieved by inserting the human insulin gene into bacteria (recombinant DNA) and allowing the bacteria to produce the insulin protein, which is then harvested.
Q8. What is the main goal of using biotechnology in developing disease-resistant crops?
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Correct answer: C — To introduce resistance genes against pests or diseases
The primary goal of applying biotechnology to agriculture is to genetically modify crops to possess traits, such as resistance, against pests or diseases.
Q9. In the context of agricultural biotechnology, what is the primary goal of using genetic engineering to modify plant genomes?
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Correct answer: C — To enhance nutritional value and yield
The main objective of modifying plant genomes through biotechnology in agriculture is to improve traits such as crop yield, nutritional content, and stress tolerance.
Q10. In the context of biotechnology applications in health, what is the primary role of recombinant DNA technology?
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Correct answer: A — To synthesize protein for therapeutic purposes
Recombinant DNA technology allows scientists to combine genetic material from different sources to produce specific proteins or therapeutic substances, which is key in producing medicines.
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