NEET Biology: Disorders of circulatory system-Hypertension Practice Questions
14 free multiple-choice questions on Disorders of circulatory system-Hypertension (Human Physiology) for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more NEET questions in the app →Q1. Hypertension is generally classified based on the cause. Which type of hypertension is most commonly associated with kidney disease and hormonal imbalances?
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Correct answer: B — Secondary Hypertension
Secondary hypertension refers to high blood pressure caused by an underlying medical condition, such as kidney disease, endocrine disorders, or thyroid issues. This contrasts with essential (primary) hypertension, which is the most common form.
Q2. Which of the following is generally considered a major modifiable risk factor for developing essential hypertension?
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Correct answer: A — High sodium intake
High sodium intake is a well-established, modifiable dietary factor strongly linked to increased blood volume and hypertension risk. While age and genetics play a role, diet is a modifiable factor.
Q3. If the blood pressure reading is measured as 140/90 mmHg, what does the systolic pressure (140) primarily reflect?
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Correct answer: B — The maximum pressure exerted during ventricular contraction
Systolic pressure reflects the maximum pressure exerted on the artery walls when the ventricles contract (systole), which is the top number in a blood pressure reading.
Q4. What is the primary physiological consequence of chronically high blood volume in the circulatory system?
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Correct answer: D — Increased hydrostatic pressure on vessels
Increased blood volume leads to higher hydrostatic pressure exerted on the walls of the blood vessels, contributing to the maintenance of high blood pressure.
Q5. If systemic blood pressure is elevated, what is the direct effect on the workload of the left ventricle?
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Correct answer: A — Increased workload due to higher afterload
Elevated systemic pressure increases the resistance (afterload) that the left ventricle must pump against, thereby increasing the workload required to maintain cardiac output.
Q6. Arteries are primarily characterized by their thick, muscular walls compared to veins, which helps them manage high pressure. What is the main structural difference related to blood flow capacity?
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Correct answer: B — Arteries have larger lumens
Arteries have thicker, more elastic walls and larger lumens compared to veins to accommodate high pressure and regulate blood distribution.
Q7. Hypertension primarily affects which part of the circulatory system?
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Correct answer: A — The blood vessels (arteries)
Hypertension is fundamentally a condition related to the pressure exerted by blood against the walls of the blood vessels (arteries).
Q8. Which component of the blood vessel wall is primarily responsible for regulating the diameter of the vessel and thus influencing blood pressure during systemic regulation?
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Correct answer: B — Smooth muscle
The smooth muscle layer (tunica media) in the blood vessel walls is responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation, which directly controls the resistance to blood flow and is crucial in regulating blood pressure.
Q9. In the context of blood pressure measurement, what does the diastolic pressure primarily represent?
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Correct answer: B — The pressure when the heart is relaxing (diastole)
Diastolic pressure is the lowest pressure in the arteries, measured when the heart is relaxed between beats.
Q10. Which physiological mechanism is directly affected when systemic blood pressure is high?
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Correct answer: C — Autoregulation of local blood flow
High systemic pressure directly influences the forces acting on the vascular system, affecting how local tissue perfusion is regulated, even if the regulatory systems are overridden or stressed.
Q11. Which component of blood pressure primarily reflects the resistance to blood flow in the arteries?
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Correct answer: B — Total Peripheral Resistance
Total Peripheral Resistance (TPR) measures the opposition to blood flow offered by the systemic vasculature. In the context of blood pressure, the relationship is roughly: BP = CO x TPR.
Q12. Which blood vessel is primarily responsible for regulating blood flow and maintaining blood pressure distribution throughout the systemic circulation?
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Correct answer: D — Arteries
Arteries carry blood away from the heart under high pressure, while arterioles are the key regulatory vessels (resistance vessels) that control blood flow distribution and thus significantly influence systemic blood pressure.
Q13. Which of the following conditions is defined as hypertension?
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Correct answer: D — High blood pressure
Hypertension is the medical term for persistently high blood pressure, meaning the force of blood against the artery walls is too high.
Q14. Which part of the circulatory system is directly responsible for generating the force that drives blood flow throughout the body?
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Correct answer: B — Arteries
The arteries, due to their structure and the pumping action of the heart, generate the necessary force to propel blood through the circulatory system.
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