NEET Biology: Disorders of circulatory system-Coronary artery disease Practice Questions
15 free multiple-choice questions on Disorders of circulatory system-Coronary artery disease (Human Physiology) for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more NEET questions in the app →Q1. Which type of blood vessel is primarily affected when coronary artery disease occurs?
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Correct answer: A — Arteries
Coronary arteries are a type of artery that supply blood directly to the heart muscle (myocardium).
Q2. What is the primary role of the endothelial lining in preventing the formation of atherosclerotic plaques?
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Correct answer: A — Maintaining a healthy, non-thrombogenic surface
A healthy endothelium maintains a non-thrombogenic surface. Dysfunction of the endothelium is the starting point for the atherosclerotic process.
Q3. Which of the following is a major risk factor contributing to the formation of coronary artery disease?
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Correct answer: C — Smoking
Smoking is a significant risk factor as it damages the endothelium, accelerates plaque formation, and promotes inflammation in the coronary arteries.
Q4. When blood flow to a section of the myocardium is severely restricted, what physiological state occurs?
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Correct answer: B — Ischemia
Ischemia refers to a state of insufficient blood supply to a tissue, which can lead to cellular damage if the restriction is prolonged.
Q5. In the context of coronary artery disease, what is the immediate physiological consequence of severe stenosis (narrowing) of a coronary artery?
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Correct answer: A — Decreased myocardial oxygen supply
Stenosis restricts the flow of oxygenated blood to the myocardium (heart muscle), resulting in inadequate oxygen supply (ischemia) to the heart muscle tissue.
Q6. The process by which excess lipids deposit within the arterial wall, leading to narrowing, is known as:
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Correct answer: C — Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is the chronic process where plaque buildup leads to the hardening and narrowing of the arteries, which is the core pathology of CAD.
Q7. Which substance in the arterial wall acts as a protective barrier, regulating the passage of substances between the blood and the vessel wall?
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Correct answer: D — Endothelium
The endothelium (the innermost layer) plays a crucial role in regulating vascular tone and protecting the underlying tissue from blood components.
Q8. Which layer of the artery wall is primarily responsible for the smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, thereby regulating blood flow?
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Correct answer: B — Tunica Media
The Tunica Media, which contains smooth muscle cells, is responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation, directly regulating the diameter of the blood vessel and controlling blood flow.
Q9. Which layer of the coronary artery is primarily responsible for supplying blood to the myocardium (heart muscle)?
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Correct answer: C — Tunica media
The tunica media contains the smooth muscle and elastic tissue that regulates blood pressure and flow distribution within the artery wall, making it crucial for supplying the myocardium.
Q10. The narrowing of a coronary artery due to plaque buildup is clinically referred to as:
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Correct answer: B — Angina
Angina is the common term for chest pain or discomfort caused by myocardial ischemia (lack of oxygen) due to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle.
Q11. Which blood vessels supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium (heart muscle)?
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Correct answer: C — Coronary arteries
The coronary arteries are the blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood directly to the heart muscle (myocardium) itself.
Q12. Which layer of the arterial wall is primarily responsible for regulating blood flow by vasoconstriction and vasodilation in response to metabolic demands?
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Correct answer: A — Tunica media
The tunica media, which is the middle layer of the artery wall, contains smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers that allow for active regulation of blood vessel diameter (vasoconstriction and vasodilation).
Q13. Which of the following is considered a major modifiable risk factor for developing Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)?
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Correct answer: A — High blood pressure (hypertension)
High blood pressure (hypertension) and high cholesterol levels are key modifiable risk factors that contribute significantly to plaque formation and CAD.
Q14. Which type of lipid is primarily involved in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques?
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Correct answer: B — Cholesterol
Cholesterol, particularly LDL (low-density lipoprotein), is the primary lipid component that accumulates in the arterial walls, leading to plaque formation.
Q15. Atherosclerosis, the underlying process leading to Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), primarily involves the accumulation of lipid-rich deposits within which layer of the arterial wall?
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Correct answer: A — Tunica intima
Atherosclerosis involves the buildup of plaque (atherosclerotic plaque) within the innermost layer of the artery wall, which is the tunica intima.
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