NEET Physics: Oscillations and periodic motion Practice Questions
15 free multiple-choice questions on Oscillations and periodic motion (Oscillations and Waves) for NEET Physics, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more NEET questions in the app →Q1. If the frequency of oscillation of a simple pendulum is doubled, what happens to its time period?
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Correct answer: A — It is doubled
The time period T is related to frequency (f) by T = 1/f. If frequency is doubled, the time period is halved.
Q2. The total mechanical energy of a particle undergoing SHM is conserved. At the extreme positions (maximum displacement), the total energy is entirely:
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Correct answer: B — Potential Energy
At the extreme positions of oscillation (maximum displacement), the velocity is zero, so Kinetic Energy (KE) is zero. Thus, the total energy is purely stored as Potential Energy (PE) at these points.
Q3. What is the relationship between frequency (f) and time period (T) of an oscillation?
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Correct answer: C — f = 1/T
Frequency (f) is the reciprocal of the time period (T). Thus, f = 1/T.
Q4. The total mechanical energy of a mass executing SHM is given by:
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Correct answer: C — E = 1/2 m ω² A²
For SHM, the total energy is conserved and can be expressed in terms of amplitude (A) and angular frequency (ω): E = 1/2 m ω² A².
Q5. The time period of oscillation of a simple pendulum depends on which of the following physical quantities?
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Correct answer: B — Length of the pendulum
The time period (T) of a simple pendulum is given by T = 2π√(L/g), where L is the length and g is acceleration due to gravity. It depends on the length and gravity.
Q6. If an object is in SHM, its velocity is maximum when its displacement from the mean position is at:
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Correct answer: C — Zero
In SHM, velocity is zero when the object is at the extreme positions (maximum displacement) and maximum when it passes through the mean position (zero displacement).
Q7. The relationship between the frequency (f) and the time period (T) of any oscillatory motion is given by:
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Correct answer: A — f = 1/T
Frequency and time period are reciprocals of each other: f = 1/T, which means T = 1/f.
Q8. In Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM), the total mechanical energy of the oscillating body is conserved. Which of the following quantities is always constant throughout the motion?
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Correct answer: D — Both B and C
In Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM), the total mechanical energy (Kinetic Energy + Potential Energy) is conserved. While both kinetic energy (KE = 1/2 mv²) and potential energy (PE = 1/2 kx²) oscillate between maximum and minimum values, their sum remains constant, representing the total energy of the system.
Q9. The motion of a body executing simple harmonic motion is characterized by a restoring force that is proportional to which term?
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Correct answer: A — Displacement
In SHM, the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium position and acts in the opposite direction.
Q10. If the frequency of oscillation of a system is 10 Hz, what is the time period of oscillation?
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Correct answer: D — 10 s
Frequency (f) and time period (T) are inversely related: T = 1/f. If f = 10 Hz, then T = 1/10 = 0.1 s.
Q11. Which of the following physical quantities is NOT a characteristic of Simple Harmonic Motion?
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Correct answer: A — Constant velocity
SHM is defined by acceleration being proportional to displacement, and velocity/force changing direction, not constant velocity.
Q12. What is the physical significance of the amplitude in Simple Harmonic Motion?
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Correct answer: C — The maximum displacement from the mean position
Amplitude is the maximum displacement reached by the oscillating body from its equilibrium (mean) position.
Q13. Which of the following represents the periodic motion of a simple pendulum?
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Correct answer: D — Oscillatory motion
A simple pendulum undergoes oscillatory motion, meaning it moves back and forth repeatedly in a regular pattern, which is the definition of periodic motion.
Q14. The time period of a simple harmonic motion is defined as the time taken for one complete cycle of oscillation. If the frequency of oscillation is f, what is the time period T of the motion?
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Correct answer: D — C = 2π/f
The relationship between time period (T) and frequency (f) is T = 1/f. If we use angular frequency ω, then ω= 2πf, and T = 2π/ω. Option C represents the relationship T = 2π/f when f is the standard frequency (cycles per second).
Q15. In a system undergoing SHM, when the displacement is maximum, the instantaneous velocity of the body is:
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Correct answer: A — Zero
At the extreme positions (maximum displacement), the body momentarily stops before reversing direction, hence the instantaneous velocity is zero.
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