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NEET Chemistry: Ionic equilibrium and pH Practice Questions

11 free multiple-choice questions on Ionic equilibrium and pH (Equilibrium) for NEET Chemistry, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.

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  1. Q1. In an equilibrium reaction, the value of the equilibrium constant (K_c) is directly related to the ratio of which quantities?

    • AConcentrations of reactants and products
    • BConcentration of products only
    • CConcentration of excess reactant
    • DConcentration of solvent
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: A — Concentrations of reactants and products

    The equilibrium constant (K_c) is the ratio of the product concentrations to the reactant concentrations at equilibrium.

  2. Q2. A solution has a pH of 12. What is the nature of this solution?

    • ANeutral
    • BSlightly acidic
    • CStrongly acidic
    • DStrongly basic
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: D — Strongly basic

    A pH greater than 7 indicates a basic solution. Since 12 > 7, the solution is strongly basic.

  3. Q3. What is the definition of pH in terms of hydrogen ion concentration?

    • ApH = [OH⁻]
    • BpH = 10⁽-pOH)
    • CpH = [H⁺]
    • DpH = log[H⁺]
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: C — pH = [H⁺]

    pH is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration, i.e., pH = -log[H⁺].

  4. Q4. The concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution is directly proportional to which measure?

    • AThe pOH of the solution
    • BThe molar mass of the solute
    • CThe temperature of the solution
    • DThe electrical conductivity of the solution
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: D — The electrical conductivity of the solution

    The concentration of H⁺ ions dictates the acidity. Higher H⁺ concentration corresponds to higher acidity and, consequently, a lower pH (or higher pOH).

  5. Q5. Which of the following statements is true regarding the behavior of an acidic solution compared to a basic solution?

    • AThe concentration of H⁺ ions is zero in basic solutions.
    • BAcidic solutions have a lower pH than basic solutions.
    • CThe concentration of OH⁻ ions is higher in acidic solutions.
    • DBasic solutions have a higher concentration of H⁺ ions than acidic solutions.
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: B — Acidic solutions have a lower pH than basic solutions.

    Acidic solutions have a higher concentration of H⁺ ions (and lower OH⁻ concentration) compared to basic solutions. Lower pH corresponds to higher acidity.

  6. Q6. A solution with a pH of 7 is considered which type of solution?

    • ABasic
    • BNeutral
    • CStrongly acidic
    • DAcidic
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: B — Neutral

    A pH of 7 signifies that the concentration of hydrogen ions is 10⁻⁷ M, which is the definition of a neutral solution.

  7. Q7. Which statement correctly describes a strong acid?

    • AIt dissociates into H₂O and OH⁻ ions.
    • BIt partially ionizes in water.
    • CIt ionizes completely in water to produce H⁺ ions.
    • DIt does not ionize in water.
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: C — It ionizes completely in water to produce H⁺ ions.

    A strong acid is defined as an acid that ionizes completely (100%) in an aqueous solution, releasing a high concentration of H⁺ ions.

  8. Q8. Which term is used to describe the tendency of an acid to donate a proton?

    • AConjugate base
    • BAcid
    • CBase
    • DHydroxide
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: B — Acid

    An acid is defined as a substance that donates a proton (H⁺) when dissolved in water, according to the Brønsted-Lowry definition.

  9. Q9. What does a pH value of 7 indicate for an aqueous solution?

    • AThe solution is strongly acidic.
    • BThe solution is strongly basic.
    • CThe solution contains high concentration of OH⁻.
    • DThe solution is neutral (equal concentrations of H⁺ and OH⁻).
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: D — The solution is neutral (equal concentrations of H⁺ and OH⁻).

    A pH value of 7 signifies a neutral solution where the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH⁻), which is the definition of a neutral solution (neutral point).

  10. Q10. What is the relationship between pH and the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution?

    • ApH = 10⁽-pH)
    • BpH = -log[H⁺]
    • CpH = log[H⁺]
    • DpH = [H⁺]
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: B — pH = -log[H⁺]

    The pH scale is mathematically defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the hydrogen ion concentration: pH = -log₁₀[H⁺].

  11. Q11. The equilibrium between the dissociation of water and the concentration of H⁺ and OH⁻ ions is governed by which principle?

    • ARaoult's Law
    • BHess's Law
    • CLaw of Conservation of Mass
    • DLe Chatelier's Principle
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: D — Le Chatelier's Principle

    The equilibrium involving the dissociation of water and the resulting ion concentrations is managed by Le Chatelier's Principle, which dictates how the system responds to external changes (like changes in temperature or pressure).

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