NEET Physics: calorimetry Practice Questions

Correct answer: C — Specific Heat Capacity

The heat absorbed or released (Q) is directly proportional to the mass (m) and the change in temperature (ΔT), which is defined by the specific heat capacity (c) in the formula Q=mcΔT.

Correct answer: C — It requires more heat to change its temperature

A higher specific heat capacity means that a larger amount of heat energy is required to raise the temperature of a unit mass by one degree.

Correct answer: B — Principle of Calorimetry

The principle that heat energy is conserved (heat lost by one system equals heat gained by another) is the principle of calorimetry, which is a direct application of the First Law of Thermodynamics.

Correct answer: D — The object with lower specific heat capacity will have absorbed more heat.

The heat absorbed by an object is proportional to its mass and its specific heat capacity (Q = mcΔT). If the final temperature is the same (ΔT is the same), the object with the lower specific heat capacity (c) will have absorbed more heat (Q), provided the masses are comparable or if the question focuses purely on the heat absorbed relative to the material property.

Correct answer: B — The mass of the body

Heat absorption depends on the mass of the substance and its specific heat capacity. Among the options, mass is the primary factor that dictates the total heat energy available for temperature change.

Correct answer: A — The final temperature depends on the ratio of the specific heat capacities of the substances.

When heat is exchanged in an isolated system, the heat lost by the hotter body must equal the heat gained by the colder body. According to the formula Q = mcΔT, the final equilibrium temperature is determined by the balance of heat transfer, which is directly related to the mass and the specific heat capacity (c) of the substances involved.

Correct answer: C — First Law

Calorimetry deals with the transfer of heat and the conservation of energy, which is governed by the First Law of Thermodynamics (conservation of energy).

Correct answer: C — A smaller temperature increase

Since Q = mcΔT, if mass (m) and the temperature change (ΔT) are the same for both, the substance with the smaller specific heat capacity (c) will require less heat to achieve that temperature change, meaning it will experience a smaller temperature increase.

Correct answer: A — Latent heat

Latent heat is the energy absorbed or released by a substance during a change of phase (e.g., melting or boiling) without any change in its temperature.

Correct answer: C — Latent Heat of Vaporization

The heat absorbed during a phase change (like melting or boiling) without any change in temperature is called the latent heat. The heat absorbed during vaporization is the latent heat of vaporization.

Correct answer: A — 2 °C

Using the formula Q = mcΔT, we have 100 = (50 × m) × ΔT. Assuming m=1 gram, ΔT = 100 / 50 = 2 degrees Celsius. (If we assume mass is 1g for simplicity in this conceptual setup, ΔT = 2).

Correct answer: C — Melting of a solid

Latent heat of fusion is the energy absorbed or released when a substance changes its state from solid to liquid (melting).

Correct answer: A — First Law of Thermodynamics

The principle that heat is neither created nor destroyed, only transferred, is the First Law of Thermodynamics, which dictates that the heat lost by one system equals the heat gained by the other system (assuming an isolated process).

Correct answer: C — Specific heat capacity

Specific heat capacity (c) is defined as the heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram (or one unit mass) of the substance by one degree Celsius.

Correct answer: C — Heat of fusion

The heat absorbed during a phase change (like melting or freezing) without any change in temperature is called the latent heat. For solidification, this is the latent heat of fusion.