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NEET Physics: Equation of state of a perfect gas Practice Questions

13 free multiple-choice questions on Equation of state of a perfect gas (Kinetic Theory of Gases) for NEET Physics, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.

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  1. Q1. In the kinetic theory of gases, the pressure exerted by the gas is primarily due to:

    • AThe force exerted by gas molecules colliding with the walls of the container
    • BThe internal energy of the gas
    • CThe potential energy stored in the gas molecules
    • DThe net momentum of the gas molecules
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: A — The force exerted by gas molecules colliding with the walls of the container

    Pressure in gases arises from the continuous bombardment and collisions of the gas molecules with the walls of the container.

  2. Q2. For a fixed amount of an ideal gas, if the temperature is doubled while keeping the volume constant, what happens to the pressure exerted by the gas?

    • APressure remains the same
    • BPressure is doubled
    • CPressure is halved
    • DPressure becomes four times
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: B — Pressure is doubled

    Since P ∝ T/V (at constant n and V), if the temperature (T) is doubled while volume (V) remains constant, the pressure (P) will also double (P ∝ T).

  3. Q3. For an ideal gas, the relationship between Pressure (P), Volume (V), amount of substance (n), and Temperature (T) is given by which equation?

    • AP = nRT/V
    • BPV = nRT
    • CPV = n/RT
    • DPV = n(T/R)
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: B — PV = nRT

    The fundamental equation of state for an ideal gas, derived from the Kinetic Theory of Gases, is PV = nRT, where R is the universal gas constant.

  4. Q4. Which physical property is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of an ideal gas, assuming constant pressure and volume?

    • AThe total energy of the gas
    • BThe average kinetic energy of the molecules
    • CThe number of moles
    • DThe density of the gas
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: B — The average kinetic energy of the molecules

    The average kinetic energy of the molecules is directly proportional to the absolute temperature (KE₍avg) = 3/2 kT), which is directly related to the macroscopic state via PV=nRT.

  5. Q5. Which of the following relationships correctly represents the equation of state for an ideal gas?

    • APV = 2/3 nRT
    • BP = m/V RT
    • CP ∝ V
    • DPV = nRT
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: D — PV = nRT

    The fundamental equation of state for an ideal gas is PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature.

  6. Q6. Which state of matter exhibits the highest compressibility among the three ideal gases: Helium, Oxygen, and Nitrogen?

    • ANitrogen
    • BAll are equally compressible
    • CHelium
    • DOxygen
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: C — Helium

    Compressibility is inversely related to the stiffness of the gas molecules. Helium (a monatomic gas) has the lowest intermolecular forces and therefore the highest compressibility (highest bulk modulus) compared to diatomic gases like Oxygen and Nitrogen.

  7. Q7. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the relationship between pressure and volume for a fixed amount of an ideal gas kept at constant temperature (Boyle's Law)?

    • AP is independent of V
    • BP is inversely proportional to V
    • CP is proportional to V²
    • DP is directly proportional to V
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: B — P is inversely proportional to V

    Boyle's Law states that for a fixed amount of an ideal gas kept at constant temperature, the pressure exerted by the gas is inversely proportional to its volume (P ∝ 1/V).

  8. Q8. In the context of the Kinetic Theory of Gases, the pressure exerted by the gas is primarily due to:

    • AThe force exerted by the walls on the gas
    • BThe potential energy stored in the molecules
    • CThe collisions of gas molecules with the container walls
    • DThe gravitational pull on the molecules
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: C — The collisions of gas molecules with the container walls

    Pressure in an ideal gas arises from the continuous bombardment (collisions) of the gas molecules with the walls of the container.

  9. Q9. For a fixed amount of an ideal gas kept at constant temperature, if its volume is doubled, what happens to its pressure?

    • APressure is halved
    • BPressure is doubled
    • CPressure remains the same
    • DPressure is quadrupled
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: A — Pressure is halved

    Since P ∝ 1/V when n and T are constant (Boyle's Law derived from the equation of state), doubling the volume halves the pressure.

  10. Q10. The absolute temperature of a gas is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of its molecules. If the temperature of a gas is doubled, what happens to the average kinetic energy of its molecules?

    • AIt is quadrupled
    • BIt remains the same
    • CIt is halved
    • DIt is doubled
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: D — It is doubled

    According to the kinetic theory of gases, the average translational kinetic energy of gas molecules is directly proportional to the absolute temperature (KE₍avg) ∝ T). If T is doubled, the average kinetic energy of the molecules is also doubled.

  11. Q11. If the volume of a gas is halved and its temperature is kept constant, how does the pressure change?

    • APressure is quadrupled
    • BPressure remains unchanged
    • CPressure is doubled
    • DPressure is halved
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: C — Pressure is doubled

    Since P ∝ 1/V (at constant T and n), if the volume is halved, the pressure will be doubled.

  12. Q12. The equation of state for an ideal gas relates pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles. Which term in the equation PV = nRT has units of energy per mole?

    • AP
    • Bn
    • CV
    • DRT
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: D — RT

    The term RT has units of energy per mole (J/mol), meaning PV (Energy/Volume) must be related to n (moles) and RT (Energy/mole).

  13. Q13. If the amount of gas in a container is tripled while the temperature and volume remain constant, what happens to the pressure inside the container?

    • APressure is tripled
    • BPressure is halved
    • CPressure remains unchanged
    • DPressure is six times
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: A — Pressure is tripled

    Since P = nRT/V, if n is tripled while R, T, V are constant, the pressure P is also tripled.

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