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NEET Physics: Electric current and resistance Practice Questions

13 free multiple-choice questions on Electric current and resistance (Current Electricity) for NEET Physics, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.

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  1. Q1. If the potential difference across a resistor is doubled, and the temperature remains constant, the current flowing through it will:

    • ADouble
    • BHalve
    • CQuadruple
    • DRemain the same
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: A — Double

    According to Ohm's law (V=IR), if V is doubled and R is constant, I must also double.

  2. Q2. Which of the following physical quantities represents the opposition offered by a conductor to the flow of electric current?

    • AResistance
    • BVoltage
    • COhm
    • DCurrent
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: A — Resistance

    Resistance is the property of a material that opposes the flow of electric current. It is measured in Ohms (Ω).

  3. Q3. In an ohmic conductor, the relationship between potential difference (V), current (I), and resistance (R) is described by which fundamental law?

    • AOhm's Law
    • BFaraday's Law
    • CKirchhoff's Law
    • DCoulomb's Law
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: A — Ohm's Law

    Ohm's Law states that the potential difference across a conductor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it when the temperature remains constant (V=IR).

  4. Q4. When resistors are connected in series, what remains the same throughout the circuit?

    • AThe total potential difference
    • BThe energy consumed
    • CThe total current
    • DThe total resistance
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: C — The total current

    In a series circuit, the current is the same throughout, but the total resistance is the sum of individual resistances. The total potential difference depends on the source and the total resistance.

  5. Q5. In a series circuit, what property remains constant for all components when a total current flows through them?

    • APower
    • BVoltage
    • CResistance
    • DCurrent
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: D — Current

    In a series circuit, the current is the same throughout the entire circuit. The potential difference (voltage) is divided among the resistors.

  6. Q6. The relationship between electric current (I), potential difference (V), and resistance (R) is governed by which fundamental law?

    • AFaraday's Law
    • BCoulomb's Law
    • COhm's Law
    • DKirchhoff's Law
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: C — Ohm's Law

    Ohm's Law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends, provided the temperature and material remain constant (V=IR).

  7. Q7. In a parallel circuit, the total equivalent resistance is calculated by:

    • AAdding the individual resistances in series
    • BTaking the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of individual resistances
    • CTaking the product of the individual resistances
    • DMultiplying the individual resistances
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: B — Taking the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of individual resistances

    For resistors in parallel, the reciprocal of the total resistance is the sum of the reciprocals of individual resistances: 1/R₍eq) = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + ….

  8. Q8. In a circuit where two resistors are connected in parallel, what is the relationship between the equivalent resistance and the individual resistances?

    • AThe equivalent resistance is inversely proportional to the sum
    • BThe equivalent resistance is the reciprocal of the sum of reciprocals
    • CThe equivalent resistance is the sum of the individual resistances
    • DThe equivalent resistance is the product of the individual resistances
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: B — The equivalent resistance is the reciprocal of the sum of reciprocals

    For two resistors in parallel, the equivalent resistance R₍eq) is given by 1/R₍eq) = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂, or R₍eq) = (R₁ R₂) / (R₁ + R₂). This is the harmonic mean relationship.

  9. Q9. The resistance (R) of a conductor is defined by the relationship R = ρL/A, where ρ is the resistivity of the material, L is the length of the conductor, and A is the cross-sectional area. If the length and cross-sectional area of a wire are kept constant, what is the relationship between the resistance and the resistivity of the material?

    • AResistance is independent of resistivity.
    • BResistance is inversely proportional to resistivity.
    • CResistance is proportional to the square of resistivity.
    • DResistance is directly proportional to resistivity.
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: D — Resistance is directly proportional to resistivity.

    Since R = ρ(L/A), if L and A are constant, R is directly proportional to ρ. Therefore, resistance is directly proportional to the resistivity of the material.

  10. Q10. Electric current is defined as the rate of flow of:

    • ANuclei
    • BElectrons
    • CCharge
    • DProtons
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: C — Charge

    Electric current is the rate of flow of electric charge through a cross-section of a conductor.

  11. Q11. In a series circuit, the total resistance is calculated by:

    • AR_total = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3
    • BR_total = R1 / (R2 + R3)
    • CR_total = R1 * R2 * R3
    • DR_total = R1 + R2 + R3
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: D — R_total = R1 + R2 + R3

    In a series circuit, resistances add up linearly. R_total = R1 + R2 + R3.

  12. Q12. Which physical quantity is defined as the opposition offered by a conductor to the flow of electric current?

    • APotential Difference
    • BResistivity
    • CCurrent
    • DResistance
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: D — Resistance

    Resistance is the property of a conductor that opposes the flow of electric current.

  13. Q13. In a circuit, if the current flowing through a resistor is constant, the heat generated in that resistor is proportional to:

    • AThe length of the resistor
    • BThe square of the current
    • CThe applied voltage
    • DThe resistance of the resistor
    Show answer & explanation

    Correct answer: B — The square of the current

    The heat generated (H) is given by H = I² R. If I is constant, H is directly proportional to R.

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