NEET Biology: Elementary idea of amino acids peptide bond and protein structures and enzymes Practice Questions
12 free multiple-choice questions on Elementary idea of amino acids peptide bond and protein structures and enzymes (Proteins) for NEET Biology, each with the correct answer and a step-by-step explanation. Attempt a question, then reveal the solution to check your reasoning.
Practice thousands more NEET questions in the app →Q1. Amino acids differ chemically based on their side chains (R-groups). The chemical property that determines the unique properties of each amino acid is primarily related to the nature of the:
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Correct answer: A — Side chain (R-group)
The unique chemical properties, including hydrophobicity, polarity, and reactivity, of an amino acid are largely determined by the nature of its variable side chain (R-group).
Q2. Which level of protein structure involves the folding of a single polypeptide chain into a specific three-dimensional shape?
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Correct answer: B — Tertiary structure
Tertiary structure describes the overall three-dimensional shape resulting from interactions between the side chains (R groups) of amino acids in a single polypeptide chain.
Q3. The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is referred to as which level of protein structure?
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Correct answer: A — Primary structure
The primary structure describes the linear sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
Q4. The linkage formed between two adjacent amino acids in a polypeptide chain is known as a:
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Correct answer: A — Peptide bond
The covalent bond linking amino acids together in a protein chain is the peptide bond.
Q5. Which level of protein structure is defined by the folding of a single polypeptide chain into a specific 3D shape?
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Correct answer: C — Tertiary structure
Tertiary structure refers to the overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide chain, stabilized by interactions between the R-groups of the amino acids.
Q6. In the formation of a polypeptide chain, the covalent bond linking the adjacent amino acids together is fundamentally a type of bond known as a:
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Correct answer: A — Peptide bond
The bond that links amino acids together in a polypeptide chain is specifically the peptide bond.
Q7. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions. Their action is typically described by the concept of:
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Correct answer: D — All of the above
Enzymes act as biological catalysts by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction. The Lock and Key model (or induced fit model) describes how the enzyme fits the substrate to facilitate this reaction.
Q8. Amino acids differ in their side chains (R-groups). The chemical property that determines the physical and chemical properties of an amino acid is primarily due to the variation in which part?
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Correct answer: D — R-group
The side chain (R-group) is responsible for the diverse chemical properties (polarity, charge, etc.) of different amino acids.
Q9. The folding of a single polypeptide chain into a specific three-dimensional structure is primarily determined by:
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Correct answer: D — Hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals forces
Protein folding is driven by various non-covalent interactions, most notably the hydrophobic effect (hydrophobic amino acids cluster together in the core) and hydrogen bonding.
Q10. The structure of a protein is fundamentally dependent on the arrangement and interaction of its amino acids. What determines the final three-dimensional shape of a protein?
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Correct answer: C — Tertiary structure
The tertiary structure involves the overall three-dimensional folding and arrangement of the polypeptide chain, driven by interactions between R-groups.
Q11. Which functional group is primarily responsible for the formation of the peptide bond linking adjacent amino acids in a polypeptide chain?
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Correct answer: D — Carboxyl group
The peptide bond forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of the next amino acid. This linkage is essential for forming the backbone of proteins.
Q12. The folding of a polypeptide chain into a specific three-dimensional arrangement is primarily determined by:
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Correct answer: D — The sequence of amino acids
The sequence of amino acids dictates how the chain folds into its final, specific three-dimensional protein structure.
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